SOURCE: "Tropes of Selfhood: Whitman's 'Expressive Individualism,'" in The Continuing Presence of Walt Whitman: The Life After the Life, edited by Robert K. Martin, University of Iowa Press, 1992, pp. 39-52.
In the following essay, Killingsworth argues that the concept of expressive individualism—a twentieth-century attitude which promotes success as its primary goal and looks to "internal, intuitive measures of achievement" rather than external standards—exemplifies Whitman's beliefs about the nature of selfhood as both individual and universal.
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