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Hervaeus Natalis(C. 1250–1323) Hervaeus Natalis, or Harvey Nedellec (c. 1250–1323) was one of the first followers of Thomas Aquinas, but also an original thinker, especially in the areas of intentionality and the mental word. ...
About 3 pages (841 words) in 2 products

Lack of menstruation. Signs of primary amenorrhea (failure to start menstruating by age 16) include infantile reproductive organs, lack of breasts and pubic hair, dwarfism, and deficient muscle development. In secondary amenorrhea (abnorma...
About 7 pages (1,946 words) in 2 products

Watsuji TetsurŌ(1889–1960) Watsuji Tetsurō, the best philosopher of ethics of modern Japan, was known also for his studies of cultural history. He was born in Himeji and died in Tokyo. Watsuji's work can be divid...
About 5 pages (1,335 words) in 2 products

Leadership Theories and Studies Leadership can be defined as a process by which one individual influences others toward the attainment of group or organizational goals. Three points about the definition of leadership should be emphasized. F...
About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Tic Disorder Sudden, repetitive, involuntary muscular movement or vocal pattern. Tic disorders feature involuntary repetitive (but non-rhythmic) patterns, and may be either motor tics (muscle movements) or vocal tics. Although tics are invo...
About 6 pages (1,716 words) in 2 products

The English philosopher, poet, diplomat, and historian Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1583-1648), is considered the father of English deism. His major work, "On Truth," is one of the few metaphysical treatises in English ph...
About 65 pages (19,565 words) in 6 products

Utility Theory Utility theory provides a methodological framework for the evaluation of alternative choices made by individuals, firms and organizations. Utility refers to the satisfaction that each choice provides to the decision maker. Th...
About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Huet, Pierre-Daniel(1630 1721: Humaniste-physicien. Bayeux, France: Colas, 1949....
About 8 pages (2,411 words) in 2 products

Sabatier, Auguste(1839 esprit. Paris, 1903. Translated by L. Seymour as Religions of Authority and Religions of Culture. London: McClure, Phillips, 1904. Works on Sabatier Michalescu, J. Darlegung und Kritik der Religionsphilosophie Sabatie...
About 3 pages (930 words) in 2 products

Licensing and Licensing Agreements A license provides the legal authority to engage in certain acts. Some licenses are required for the protection of the public. For example, a physician is licensed to assure professional competence, and th...
About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

The English philosopher John Langshaw Austin (1911-1960) taught a generation of Oxford students a rigorous style of philosophizing based on language analysis. John Langshaw Austin was born in Lancaster on March 26, 1911. In 1924 he entered...
About 42 pages (12,695 words) in 5 products

Ethical Egoism Generally defined as the view that one ought to do whatever and only whatever is in one Ridley, M., The Origins of Virtue (London: Penguin, 1998)....
About 10 pages (2,907 words) in 2 products

Structuralism, Mathematical Structuralism is a view about the subject matter of mathematics according to which what matters are structural relationships in abstraction from the intrinsic nature of the related objects. Mathematics is seen as...
About 8 pages (2,365 words) in 2 products

The Russian author and political agitator Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen (1812-1870) developed a socialist philosophy that was the ideological basis for much of the revolutionary activity in Russia. Aleksandr Herzen, whose real surname was Yak...
About 178 pages (53,480 words) in 11 products

Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali (1058-1111) was one of the foremost intellects of medieval Islam. Personal discontent with scholastic orthodoxy led him to mysticism and the writing of a monumental work which harmonized the tendencies of both...
About 346 pages (103,699 words) in 15 products

motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education or entertainment. Documentaries have been made in one form or another in nearly every country and have contributed significantly to the development of rea...
About 201 pages (60,299 words) in 4 products

Salmon, Wesley(1925 s account of theory choice could be made more objective by employing Bayesian techniques of theory justification. In addition to his philosophical contributions, Salmon was an outstanding teacher and was much admired for...
About 6 pages (1,867 words) in 2 products

Paul Grice's work greatly influenced both arcs of the so-called linguistic turn of twentieth-century philosophy. The first arc--the variety of attempts to recast the traditional problems of philosophy as problems of language--includes ordi...
About 61 pages (18,203 words) in 4 products

to well into Christian times and was distinguished more for its unconventional way of life than for any system of thought. Antisthenes, a disciple of Socrates, is considered to be the founder of the movement, but Diogenes (q.v.) of Sinope ...
About 13 pages (3,963 words) in 3 products

Anglican bishop George Berkeley (1685-1753) developed a unique type of idealism based on an empirically oriented attack on abstract philosophizing combined with a defense of immaterialism. Although born on March 3, 1685, at Dysert Castle i...
About 495 pages (148,432 words) in 25 products

professional organization for those engaged in the production of motion pictures in the United States. Membership, which is by invitation only, is based on distinctive achievements in one of the branches of film production recognized by th...
About 41 pages (12,294 words) in 2 products

Diuretics What Kind of Drug Is It? The main goal of diuretic therapy is to get rid of extra fluids in the body. Diuretics reduce bodily fluids by increasing the production of urine. Diuretic drugs are used to treat high blood pressure, cong...
About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Molina, Luis De(1535 In Jesuit Thinkers of the Renaissance, edited by G. Smith. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette, 1939....
About 8 pages (2,362 words) in 2 products

Branch of medicine dealing with the actions of drugs in the body—both therapeutic and toxic effects—and development and testing of new drugs and new uses of existing ones. Though the first Western pharmacological treatise (a li...
About 18 pages (5,243 words) in 7 products

Thomas Jefferson once said that "to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves is sinful and tyrannical" (ADL 2). School vouchers are sinful and tyrannical since they force taxpayers...
About 6 pages (1,714 words) in 2 products

In accounting, the activity-oriented financial statement issued by businesses. Covering a specified time, such as three months or one year, the income statement is a summary of revenues and expenses. It also lists gains and losses from oth...
About 17 pages (5,095 words) in 2 products

There was a time when scholars, and educated people in general, tended to think of the first half of the eighteenth century as the "Age of Pope." Now the period is more commonly termed the Augustan Age or the Neoclassical period. Yet the e...
About 792 pages (237,679 words) in 41 products

Type Theory Type theory, in one sense, is the view that some category of abstract entities 262. Reprinted in book form with facing English translation as Tractatus-Logico Philosophicus....
About 20 pages (5,928 words) in 2 products

Ritalin and Other Methylphenidates What Kind of Drug Is It? Ritalin and other methylphenidates belong to a class of drugs called stimulants, which typically excite or speed up the brain and body. Stimulants increase endurance, reduce hunger...
About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Historical Materialism The materialist conception of history was put forward by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and subsequently adopted by their followers and incorporated in the doctrine of Marxism-Leninism. According to s Theory of Histor...
About 50 pages (15,002 words) in 2 products

Institution for diagnosing and treating the sick or injured, housing them during treatment, examining patients, and managing childbirth. Outpatients, who can leave after treatment, come in for emergency care or are referred for services no...
About 29 pages (8,621 words) in 5 products

any of the formal programs that have been established for the preparation of teachers at the elementary- and secondary-school levels. While arrangements of one kind or another for the education of the young have existed at all times and in...
About 7 pages (2,070 words) in 2 products

The English historian and philosopher Robin George Collingwood (1889-1943) did important historical research on Roman Britain and made original contributions to esthetics, the philosophy of history, and the philosophy of mind. Born at Coni...
About 382 pages (114,702 words) in 19 products

In Greek mythology, the bravest and strongest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War. Because his mother dipped him into the River Styx, he was invulnerable except at the heel by which she held him. During the war against Troy Achilles to...
About 7 pages (1,939 words) in 2 products

Eurasianism (Classical) Eurasianism (Russian: evraziistvo) was an ideological-philosophical movement among Russian 139. Vinkovetsky, Ilya, and Charles Schlacks, Jr., eds. Exodus to the East: Forebodings and Events: An Affirmation of the Eur...
About 7 pages (2,000 words) in 2 products

Derrida, Jacques(1930 , R. The Tain of the Mirror. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986. Lawlor, L. Derrida and Husserl: The Basic Problem of Phenomenology. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2002. Llewelyn, J. Derrida on t...
About 9 pages (2,817 words) in 1 product

Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, dazzled and perplexed his contemporaries. Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift revered his eloquence and charm, while Sir Robert Walpole despised his hypocrisy and untrammeled ambition. His precocious ris...
About 33 pages (9,980 words) in 4 products

Suhraward , see Opera Metaphysica et Mystica, Vol. I, edited by Henry Corbin (Istanbul: Maarif Matbaasi, 1945), and Oeuvres philosophiques et mystiques (which is Opera Metaphysica et Mystica, Vol. II), edited by Henry Corbin (Teheran: Insti...
About 15 pages (4,625 words) in 3 products

Romero, Francisco(1891–1962) Francisco Romero, the Argentine philosopher of transcendence, was born in Seville, Spain, but moved to Argentina as a child. After military and literary careers he turned to philosophy, joining the facult...
About 3 pages (854 words) in 2 products

Hollywood International The economic strength of the American film industry has depended since the 1920s on two essential components: first, a large and homogeneous national market; and second, an extensive international distribution networ...
About 38 pages (11,312 words) in 2 products

The French scholar and cardinal Pierre d'Ailly (1350-1420) is known chiefly for his efforts in healing the Western Schism of the Church. His scientific and philosophical writings are also important. Pierre d'Ailly was born at Compiè...
About 5 pages (1,396 words) in 3 products

Well-loved and popular pediatrician, T. Berry Brazelton was born on May 10, 1918 in Waco, Texas, to Thomas Berry Brazelton and Pauline (Battle) Brazelton. His first experiences with babies and children were during his own childhood, when h...
About 7 pages (2,072 words) in 4 products

 
Copyright Page Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Second Edition Donald M. Borchert, Editor in Chief 2005018573 This title is also available as an e-book.ISBN 0-02-866072-2Contact your Thomson Gale representative for ordering information. Printed...
About 0 pages (0 words) in 78 products

Multiple-Criteria Decision Making Real-world decision-making problems are usually too complex and ill-structured to be considered through the examination of a single criterion, attribute, or point of view that will lead to the optimum decis...
About 9 pages (2,611 words) in 2 products

Initial Public Offering An initial public offering (IPO) is the process through which a privately owned business sells shares of stock to the public for the first time. Also known as going public, an IPO provides a growing business with acc...
About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Babysitter A person, often a teenager, who provides temporary, occasional child care services. The term babysitter is usually used to describe someone who provides occasional child care for a few hours at a time. Most families provide the b...
About 3 pages (931 words) in 2 products

Formal system in which the well-formed formulae are interpreted as being able to take on values other than the two classical values of truth or falsity. The number of values possible for well-formed formulae in systems of many-valued logic...
About 19 pages (5,780 words) in 2 products

Religious Language Utterances made in religious contexts are of many sorts. In the performance of public and private worship men engage in acts of praise, petition, thanks, confession, and exhortation. In sacred writings we find historical ...
About 25 pages (7,428 words) in 3 products

ceremonial event, existing in all historically known societies, that marks the passage from one social or religious status to another. This article describes these rites among various societies throughout the world, giving greatest attenti...
About 132 pages (39,539 words) in 5 products

in the United States, an election to select a political party's candidates to run for public office. Primaries may be closed (partisan), allowing only declared party members to vote, or open (nonpartisan), enabling all voters to choose whi...
About 15 pages (4,567 words) in 2 products
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