Lack of menstruation. Signs of primary amenorrhea (failure to start menstruating by age 16) include infantile reproductive organs, lack of breasts and pubic hair, dwarfism, and deficient muscle development. In secondary amenorrhea (abnorma...

Leadership Theories and Studies Leadership can be defined as a process by which one individual influences others toward the attainment of group or organizational goals. Three points about the definition of leadership should be emphasized. F...

The English philosopher, poet, diplomat, and historian Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1583-1648), is considered the father of English deism. His major work, "On Truth," is one of the few metaphysical treatises in English ph...

Huet, Pierre-Daniel(1630 1721: Humaniste-physicien. Bayeux, France: Colas, 1949....

Licensing and Licensing Agreements A license provides the legal authority to engage in certain acts. Some licenses are required for the protection of the public. For example, a physician is licensed to assure professional competence, and th...

Ethical Egoism Generally defined as the view that one ought to do whatever and only whatever is in one Ridley, M., The Origins of Virtue (London: Penguin, 1998)....

The Russian author and political agitator Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen (1812-1870) developed a socialist philosophy that was the ideological basis for much of the revolutionary activity in Russia. Aleksandr Herzen, whose real surname was Yak...

motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education or entertainment. Documentaries have been made in one form or another in nearly every country and have contributed significantly to the development of rea...

Paul Grice's work greatly influenced both arcs of the so-called linguistic turn of twentieth-century philosophy. The first arc--the variety of attempts to recast the traditional problems of philosophy as problems of language--includes ordi...

Anglican bishop George Berkeley (1685-1753) developed a unique type of idealism based on an empirically oriented attack on abstract philosophizing combined with a defense of immaterialism. Although born on March 3, 1685, at Dysert Castle i...

Diuretics What Kind of Drug Is It? The main goal of diuretic therapy is to get rid of extra fluids in the body. Diuretics reduce bodily fluids by increasing the production of urine. Diuretic drugs are used to treat high blood pressure, cong...

Branch of medicine dealing with the actions of drugs in the body—both therapeutic and toxic effects—and development and testing of new drugs and new uses of existing ones. Though the first Western pharmacological treatise (a li...

In accounting, the activity-oriented financial statement issued by businesses. Covering a specified time, such as three months or one year, the income statement is a summary of revenues and expenses. It also lists gains and losses from oth...

Type Theory Type theory, in one sense, is the view that some category of abstract entities 262. Reprinted in book form with facing English translation as Tractatus-Logico Philosophicus....

Historical Materialism The materialist conception of history was put forward by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and subsequently adopted by their followers and incorporated in the doctrine of Marxism-Leninism. According to s Theory of Histor...

any of the formal programs that have been established for the preparation of teachers at the elementary- and secondary-school levels. While arrangements of one kind or another for the education of the young have existed at all times and in...

In Greek mythology, the bravest and strongest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War. Because his mother dipped him into the River Styx, he was invulnerable except at the heel by which she held him. During the war against Troy Achilles to...

Derrida, Jacques(1930 , R. The Tain of the Mirror. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986. Lawlor, L. Derrida and Husserl: The Basic Problem of Phenomenology. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2002. Llewelyn, J. Derrida on t...

Suhraward , see Opera Metaphysica et Mystica, Vol. I, edited by Henry Corbin (Istanbul: Maarif Matbaasi, 1945), and Oeuvres philosophiques et mystiques (which is Opera Metaphysica et Mystica, Vol. II), edited by Henry Corbin (Teheran: Insti...

Hollywood International The economic strength of the American film industry has depended since the 1920s on two essential components: first, a large and homogeneous national market; and second, an extensive international distribution networ...

Well-loved and popular pediatrician, T. Berry Brazelton was born on May 10, 1918 in Waco, Texas, to Thomas Berry Brazelton and Pauline (Battle) Brazelton. His first experiences with babies and children were during his own childhood, when h...

Multiple-Criteria Decision Making Real-world decision-making problems are usually too complex and ill-structured to be considered through the examination of a single criterion, attribute, or point of view that will lead to the optimum decis...

Babysitter A person, often a teenager, who provides temporary, occasional child care services. The term babysitter is usually used to describe someone who provides occasional child care for a few hours at a time. Most families provide the b...

Religious Language Utterances made in religious contexts are of many sorts. In the performance of public and private worship men engage in acts of praise, petition, thanks, confession, and exhortation. In sacred writings we find historical ...

in the United States, an election to select a political party's candidates to run for public office. Primaries may be closed (partisan), allowing only declared party members to vote, or open (nonpartisan), enabling all voters to choose whi...