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ĪJī, ʿAḍud Al-Dīn Al- ĪJĪ, ʿAḌUD AL-DĪN AL- (AH 680?–756/1281?–1356 CE) was a Muslim theologian and jurist of the Il-khanid period. He originated from a well-to-do family of notables and judges living in the town... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 2 pages (661 words) in 1 product

J R William Gaddis' tour de force, JR, attacks many … perversions of the American Dream, above all the materialism of Franklinian man. Adapting a stream of consciousness technique borrowed from Joyce and contemporary telephone conversation, G... Study Pack: 2 Criticisms About 4 pages (1,084 words) in 2 products

J. A. Strong American physician who with P. A. Jacobs helped show that Klinefelter's syndrome was linked to one of the sex chromosomes. This was one of the first diseases shown to be either "x-linked" or "ylinked." Li... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 0 pages (84 words) in 1 product

J. B. Danquah Joseph B. Danquah (1895-1965) was a Ghanaian political leader and a principal founder of the Gold Coast nationalist movement. As a scholar, he sought to accommodate the best of his country's tribal past to modernity. Joseph B. Danquah was ... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 4 pages (1,235 words) in 1 product

J. B. Priestley   Born in the wool-merchandising city of Bradford, Yorkshire, John Boynton Priestley is the author of more than fourscore works. These include literary criticism, novels, plays, collected short stories, essays, illustrated accounts of social... Study Pack: 7 Biographies About 92 pages (27,482 words) in 7 products

J. B. S. Haldane John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (1892-1964) was an English biologist who utilized mathematical analysis to study genetic phenomena and their relation to evolution. Born at Oxford on Nov. 5, 1892, J. B. S. Haldane was the son of John Scott Ha... Study Pack: 4 Biographies, 3 Summaries About 30 pages (9,009 words) in 7 products

J. C. Bhattacharyya Indian astronomer who, during ground-based observations in 1984, discovered additional rings in the Saturn system. While observing changes in light intensity of a star while it passed behind Saturn's rings, Bhattacharyya and collabo... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 0 pages (67 words) in 1 product

J. C. Leyendecker For more than forty years J. C. Leyendecker created the prototype of American elegance and style. Leyendecker's "Arrow Collar Man" became the masculine counterpart of the "Gibson Girl," embodying the fantasies of millions. His advertising ... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 11 pages (3,327 words) in 1 product

J. C. Penney Chain store executive, pioneer in profit sharing, and philanthropist, J(ames) C(ash) Penney (1875-1971) built a corporate empire following business precepts based on the Golden Rule. The seventh of 12 children, only six of whom grew to mat... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 9 pages (2,827 words) in 1 product

J. Cole Study Pack: 1 eBook About 49 pages (14,540 words) in 1 product

J. D. Beresford John Davys Beresford was a restless and passionate seeker of truth whose quest led him to explore a range of ideas from materialism and realism to psychic research, psychoanalysis, Eastern mysticism, and Christian Science. An underlying id... Study Pack: 3 Biographies About 67 pages (19,983 words) in 3 products

J. D. Bernal Although John Desmond Bernal was highly instrumental in the pioneering stages of x-ray crystallography and microbiology, he is perhaps most well-known for his philosophical studies of the social aspects of science. Marxist in thinking and ... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 2 Summaries About 9 pages (2,804 words) in 3 products

J. D. Salinger   The entire body of writing by which Jerome David Salinger wishes to be known is contained in four small books—one novel and thirteen short stories. All of these were published in the eleven and a half years between January 1948 and J... Study Pack: 7 Biographies, 1 Essay, 12 Criticisms About 257 pages (77,186 words) in 20 products

J. Dover Wilson A dedicated scholar and a gifted editor of Elizabethan literature, John Dover Wilson contributed to the disciplines of bibliography and textual criticism in England, earning a place among the ranks of the most prominent scholars of the twe... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 12 pages (3,444 words) in 1 product

J. Edgar Hoover   J. Edgar Hoover (1895-1972) was appointed assistant director of the Bureau of Investigation in 1921, and director in 1924; he was the popular (and then controversial) director of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation from 1935 until his... Study Pack: 2 Biographies, 2 Summaries About 36 pages (10,650 words) in 4 products

J. F. Hendry SOURCE: “James F. Hendry: Apocalyptic Poet and Apologist,” in Poets of the Apocalypse, Twayne Publishers, 1983, pp. 23-42. In the following excerpt, Salmon examines the work of James F. Hendry. Confusion about the meaning of the term ap... Study Pack: 1 Criticism About 24 pages (7,251 words) in 1 product

J. Frank Dobie During the first half of the twentieth century J. Frank Dobie collected and shared with American and British readers stories of the Texas brush country and northern Mexico. A writer, lecturer, humorist, raconteur, and goodwill ambassador f... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 16 pages (4,683 words) in 1 product

J. G. Ballard J. G. Ballard is "perhaps the most important figure to emerge from the British New Wave of science-fiction writers, whose works brought a new degree of literary sophistication and critical respectability to the genre beginning in the late ... Study Pack: 4 Biographies, 21 Criticisms About 564 pages (169,249 words) in 25 products

J. G. Farrell James Gordon Farrell's brief career as a novelist was marked by major literary prizes and the praise of contemporary critics, but was cut short by his untimely death. After some slight early works, he found his metier in three major novels... Study Pack: 2 Biographies, 1 Essay About 23 pages (6,770 words) in 3 products

J. H. C. Whitehead John Henry Constantine Whitehead (known commonly as Henry Whitehead), had a large influence on the development of homotopy theory, which is based on a certain kind of mapping of topological spaces. With Oswald Veblen, he also wrote the cla... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 5 pages (1,453 words) in 1 product

J. H. Prynne When the poetry of Jeremy Prynne began to appear in England during the 1960s, it secured for itself a reputation and influence among independent and avant-garde poets that was not matched by its reception in the established centers of lite... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 14 pages (4,288 words) in 1 product

J. Hans D. Jensen Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen was born in Hamburg, Germany, on June 25, 1907. His mother was Helene Ohm Jensen, and his father was Karl Jensen. The youth's outstanding performance in school won him a scholarship to the Oberrealschule in Hamb... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 5 pages (1,338 words) in 1 product

J. Hillis Miller Joseph Hillis Miller was born in Newport News, Virginia, and was raised in upstate New York, the son of Nell Critzer Miller and Joseph Hillis Miller, the president of Keuka College from 1935 to 1941. Miller says of his background, in an in... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 24 pages (7,104 words) in 1 product

J. Howard McGrath James Howard McGrath served as U.S. attorney general from 1949 to 1952 under President Harry S. Truman. McGrath, a former Rhode Island governor and U.S. senator, also served as U.S. solicitor general. Despite these many accomplishments, Mc... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 6 pages (1,728 words) in 1 product

J. I. M. Stewart The name Michael Innes is synonymous with the witty, academic crime novel beloved in the British tradition of mystery fiction. His Inspector Appleby series, which was published over half a century, set a standard for decades and earned for... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 21 Criticisms About 33 pages (9,836 words) in 22 products

J. J. Becher The death of Becker's father, a Protestant minister, left him at the age of eight with the need to help support his mother and brothers. The lack of money for a formal education forced Johann to educate himself, mainly by traveling through... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 4 pages (1,256 words) in 2 products

J. J. C. Smart   J. J. C. Smart was one of the most important British philosophers of the second half of the twentieth century, though during that period he worked almost entirely in Australia. He has been a leading figure in the development in philosophy ... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 14 pages (4,289 words) in 2 products

J. J. Thomson The English physicist Sir Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940) is credited with the discovery of the electron. On Dec. 18, 1856, J. J. Thomson was born at Cheetham Hill near Manchester. His father, a bookseller and publisher, planned a career i... Study Pack: 4 Biographies, 3 Summaries About 23 pages (6,921 words) in 7 products

J. K. Rowling J. K. Rowling is a British author of novels for young people who caused an overnight sensation with her first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, which sold out of its first edition quickly and has been reprinted many times. Ev... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 4 Criticisms About 61 pages (18,215 words) in 5 products

J. L. Austin   The English philosopher John Langshaw Austin (1911-1960) taught a generation of Oxford students a rigorous style of philosophizing based on language analysis. John Langshaw Austin was born in Lancaster on March 26, 1911. In 1924 he entered... Study Pack: 2 Biographies, 1 Summary About 42 pages (12,695 words) in 3 products

J. M. Barrie   If Sir James M. Barrie had written no play other than Peter Pan (1904), the extraordinary and enduring popularity of this single work would testify to his talents as a dramatist. As it stands, however, the more than forty plays he wrote al... Study Pack: 5 Biographies About 119 pages (35,809 words) in 5 products

J. M. E. McTaggart Known today mainly as the author of a paradox designed to prove the unreality of time--which, even if it has not convinced many, nonetheless served as the starting point for the great majority of philosophical discussions about time in the... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary, 8 Criticisms About 177 pages (53,011 words) in 10 products

J. M. W. Turner   The English painter Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) was one of the greatest romantic interpreters of nature in the history of Western art and is still unrivaled in the virtuosity of his painting of light. The son of a barber, J. ... Study Pack: 2 Biographies About 21 pages (6,422 words) in 2 products

J. Marion Sims James Marion Sims, was born on January 25, 1813 in Lancaster, SC; he died on November 13, 1883 in New York, NY. Sims was the son of John and Mahala Sims, and the husband of Eliza Theresa Jones (parents of five surviving children). An Ameri... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 5 pages (1,545 words) in 2 products

J. Michael Bishop For work in cancer research, J. Michael Bishop shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with Harold Varmus. He and Varmus found that cancer genes (oncogenes) could be derived from normal cell genes which had not been inherentl... Study Pack: 4 Biographies About 13 pages (4,026 words) in 4 products

J. Michael Straczynski "I'm a writer. I never really wanted the pointy hat that says PRODUCER," J. Michael Straczynski admitted in a 1996 Compuserve Forum Conference. "If I were offered staff writer, for crappy money, no power, but they wouldn't change the words... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 20 pages (5,939 words) in 1 product

J. N. De La Hire Inventor who developed the double-acting water pump in 1716. This seemingly simply invention produces a continuous stream of water by pumping on both the "up" stroke and the "down" stroke. Previous pumps, using ... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 0 pages (88 words) in 1 product

J. P. Donleavy   The literary career of J.P. Donleavy (born 1926) has spanned nearly 50 years, though he is most famous for his first novel, The Ginger Man. James Patrick Donleavy was born on April 23, 1926, in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Irish im... Study Pack: 3 Biographies, 3 Criticisms About 50 pages (14,980 words) in 6 products

J. P. Morgan   John Pierpont Morgan (1837-1913), the most powerful American banker of his time, helped build a credit bridge between Europe and America and financially rescued the United States government twice. On April 17, 1837, J. P. Morgan was born i... Study Pack: 2 Biographies, 1 Summary About 48 pages (14,258 words) in 3 products

J. P. Morgan, Jr.   John Pierpont Morgan II (1867-1943), American banker, headed J. P. Morgan & Company, one of the most prestigious private banking firms in the world. Born in Irvington, New York, on Sept. 7, 1867, J. P. Morgan II was the only son of the... Study Pack: 2 Biographies About 18 pages (5,241 words) in 2 products

J. Paul Getty Jean Paul Getty (1892-1976) was a billionaire independent oil producer who founded and controlled the Getty Oil Company and over 200 affiliated companies. Jean Paul Getty was born on December 15, 1892, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. His father... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 10 pages (2,947 words) in 1 product

J. Presper Eckert Electrical engineer J. Presper Eckert (1919-1995)invented the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, the ENIAC, with John William Mauchly. Further collaboration between the two engineers led to the development of the first comm... Study Pack: 3 Biographies, 3 Summaries About 19 pages (5,639 words) in 6 products

J. R. R. Tolkien   The driving passion of John Ronald Reuel Tolkien's literary life was to make his "fairystories" so complete in description and detail, so varied in character and action, so expansive in philosophy and religion, as to be "real." He was in e... Study Pack: 6 Biographies, 2 Summaries, 2 Essays, 3 Criticisms About 205 pages (61,424 words) in 13 products

J. S. Le Fanu's Ghostly Tales, Volume 1 by Sheridan Le Fanu Study Pack: 5 Biographies, 1 eBook About 95 pages (28,571 words) in 6 products

J. S. Le Fanu's Ghostly Tales, Volume 2 by Sheridan Le Fanu Study Pack: 5 Biographies, 1 eBook About 114 pages (34,043 words) in 6 products

J. S. Le Fanu's Ghostly Tales, Volume 3 by Sheridan Le Fanu Study Pack: 5 Biographies, 1 eBook About 220 pages (65,992 words) in 6 products

J. S. Le Fanu's Ghostly Tales, Volume 4 by Sheridan Le Fanu Study Pack: 5 Biographies, 1 eBook About 190 pages (56,846 words) in 6 products

J. S. Le Fanu's Ghostly Tales, Volume 5 by Sheridan Le Fanu Study Pack: 5 Biographies, 1 eBook About 151 pages (45,351 words) in 6 products

J. S. Woodsworth The Canadian humanitarian, reformer, and political leader James Shaver Woodsworth (1874-1942) contributed significant observations on the life of immigrants to Canada and fought vigorously for social reforms in Parliament. Born near Toront... Study Pack: 1 Biography About 9 pages (2,575 words) in 1 product

James Waddell Alexander II 1888-1971 Alexander was born in Sea Bright, New Jersey, in 1888. He was fortunate to study mathematics and physics under Professor Veblen at Princeton University. After earning a B.S. and an M.S. in mathematics, he was invited to become a ... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 2 pages (624 words) in 1 product