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Zagros Mountains The Zagros Mountains, in western Iran, lie along and across the border between Iraq and Iran. Consisting of a series of ridges running parallel to the Persian Gulf and northward along portions of Iran's borders with Turkey and Iraq,... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 3 pages (966 words) in 1 product

Koreans in Japan The integration of Koreans into Japanese society has always been a major social, economic, and political issue. The following description of Korean housing in Japan in the late nineteenth century indicates that house style was one cultural... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 1 pages (159 words) in 1 product

Zambales Mountains The Zambales Mountains in the Philippines stretch from the northern part of Zambales Province to the northern edge of Bataan Province. This range comprises nearly the whole province of Zambales. There are eight named mountains in the range... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 1 pages (291 words) in 1 product

Zamboanga (2000 pop. 603,000). Located at the tip of the Zamboanga Peninsula in the Mindanao Island group in the Philippines, the City of Zamboanga is a chartered city independent of the province of Zamboanga del Sur in terms of funding, administrat... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 19 pages (5,644 words) in 1 product

Zebu Zebu, or brahminy cattle (Bos indicus; sometimes called humped oxen or Brahman), are a species of domesticated livestock native to India. According to some, they are the same species as common cattle (Bos taurus), but others think that the... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 4 pages (1,254 words) in 1 product

Zeng Guofan The Chinese statesman, general, and scholar Tseng Kuo-fan (1811-1872) was responsible for the suppression of the Taiping Rebellion and is regarded as a model Confucian official. Between 1850 and 1864 China was racked by the Taiping Rebelli... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 11 pages (3,173 words) in 2 products

Zerafshan River With a length of 877 kilometers and a drainage basin of 17,100 square kilometers, the Zerafshan, or "Golden," River is one of the most important of Central Asia, providing water for irrigation to some of the region's m... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 2 pages (510 words) in 1 product

Warring States Period—China The name "Warring States" (Zhanguo) refers to a period of Chinese history ending with the unification of China under the first emperor of the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE. While there is universal agreement that the Warring States ... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 9 pages (2,771 words) in 1 product

Zhang Yimou (b. 1951), Chinese film director. Zhang Yimou is currently China's best-known film director. Born in Xi'an, Sichuan Province, he began his film career in the early 1980s as a cinematographer. A leader among China's &#x... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 11 pages (3,137 words) in 1 product

Zhang Zhidong Chang Chih-tung (1837-1909) was a Chinese official and reformer. A brilliant Confucian scholar, he was convinced of the peerless quality of China's traditional culture. However, to preserve it, he introduced Western-type industry, educatio... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 6 pages (1,776 words) in 2 products

Zhao Ziyang The Chinese politician Zhao Ziyang (Zhao Xiusheng; born 1919) was premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1989 and general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party from 1987 to 1989. He championed a number of political and e... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 17 pages (5,201 words) in 2 products

Zhejiang (2001 pop. 47 million). One of the most fertile and wealthiest provinces in China, Zhejiang lies on China's southeastern coast just south of the Chang (Yangtze) river delta and China's largest city, Shanghai. It is bordered o... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 12 pages (3,618 words) in 1 product

Zhou Dynasty The era popularly known as the Zhou dynasty covers two time periods: the Western Zhou period (1045–771 BCE) and the Eastern Zhou period (770–221 BCE). During the Western Zhou period, the Zhou lineage ruled from the capital, Z... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 12 pages (3,471 words) in 1 product

Zhou Enlai Chou En-lai (1898-1976) was a Chinese Communist leader and premier of the People's Republic of China. From the 1920s on Chou was among the top leaders of the Chinese Communist party. Chou En-lai was born in Huaian, Kiangsu Province, into a... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 21 pages (6,280 words) in 2 products

Zhu De Chu Teh (1886-1976), or Zhu De, was a Chinese Communist military leader. He became closely associated with Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong) in 1928 and was for many years afterward commander in chief of the Communist military forces. One of 14 ch... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 10 pages (2,839 words) in 2 products

Zhu Rongji (b. 1928), Chinese premier. Following the end of Li Peng's term as premier of the Chinese Communist Party in 1998, Zhu Rongji was named premier. Zhu was born on 20 October 1928 in Changsha, Hunan Province. While an electrical engine... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 9 pages (2,733 words) in 1 product

Zhu Xi   Chu Hsi (1130-1200) was one of the greatest Chinese scholars and philosophers. The system of Neo-Confucianism of which Chu Hsi is regarded as the spokesman represents a summary of doctrines of his predecessors as well as original ideas of ... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 4 Summaries, 11 Criticisms About 407 pages (122,234 words) in 16 products

Zhuang The Zhuang are a minority people living in south and southwest China, mostly in the mountainous areas of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Wenshan Zhuang-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Yunan province. A number of Zhuang communiti... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 6 pages (1,788 words) in 1 product

Gurragchaa, Jugderdemidiyn (b. 1947), Mongolian astronaut. Jugderdemidiyn Gurragchaa was the first Mongolian astronaut. He was born 5 December 1947 in the town of Gurvan-Bulak, in the Bulgan province of Mongolia. After attending the Ulaanbaatar Agricultural Institut... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 2 pages (550 words) in 1 product

Rahman, Ziaur Bangladesh president Ziaur Rahman, popularly known as Zia (1936-1981), succeeded to a significant extent in bringing political and economic stability to the new nation following a period of great disruption. Mansur Rahman, father of Ziaur ... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 22 pages (6,498 words) in 2 products

Zikir A zikir is a litany formula that usually follows an Islamic prayer, but which can also be practiced at other times. The Arabic word dhikr, which literally means "mention," "remembrance," "evocation,... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 1 pages (345 words) in 1 product

Izmir (1997 pop. 2.0 million). Izmir (Smyrna), the third-largest city of Turkey and an important commercial center, is located on the Aegean coast of Anatolia, in the gulf of Izmir. Reputedly the birthplace of Homer, Izmir was an important city ... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 29 pages (8,548 words) in 1 product

Iznik (2002 est. pop. 21,000). Iznik, a town in northwestern Turkey on the eastern shore of Iznik Lake, is surrounded by walls with four gates. Within the town are many historic baths, mausoleums, madrasahs or Muslim religious schools, mosques, ... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 9 pages (2,741 words) in 1 product

Zonguldak (2002 est. city pop 119,000). The city of Zonguldak is the capital of the province (estimated population in 2002 of 684,000) of the same name. It is located on the Black Sea coast of northwestern Turkey in the country's main coal di... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 4 pages (1,149 words) in 1 product

Zopfan ZOPFAN, the Zone of Peace, Freedom, and Neutrality, originated in a 1970 proposal by Malaysia for neutralizing Southeast Asia. The idea for such a zone has been attributed to Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra al-Haj (1903–1990), who was then... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 3 pages (751 words) in 1 product

Zoroastrianism   ZOROASTRIANISM. Zoroastrianism, known to its followers as the Zarathushti din (Zoroastrian religion), developed from the words, ideas, beliefs, and rituals attributed to a devotional poet named Zarathushtra (later Middle Persian or Pahlavi... Study Pack: 4 Summaries, 1 Criticism About 178 pages (53,286 words) in 5 products

Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928-1979), Pakistan's president and then prime minister, mobilized his country's first mass-based political party around a socialist ideology and highly independent foreign policy. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was born on Janu... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 35 pages (10,369 words) in 2 products

Zuo Zongtang The Chinese general and statesman Tso Tsung-t'ang (1812-1885) was one of China's leading military figures during the latter half of the 19th century. Beginning with the Taiping Rebellion in 1850, it became increasingly clear to a small gro... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 1 Summary About 7 pages (2,039 words) in 2 products