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Oswald Garrison Villard was unquestionably the most energetic, outspoken, and courageous liberal editor in America during the first half of the twentieth century. During his thirty-five-year-long stewardship of the New York Evening Post and the Nation, Villard often defined the national liberal agenda and eagerly embraced every national controversy of any significance, with a genius, one social commentator remarked, for selecting the unpopular side of every issue. He campaigned tirelessly for the emancipation of minorities, blacks, and women; energetically resisted United States entry into the Spanish-American War and the two world wars; defiantly defended dissidents and conscientious objectors against political persecution during the xenophobia and nationalism of the war years; railed ceaselessly against conscription, political corruption, tariffs, and monopolies; and valiantly championed pacifism, civil liberties, prison reforms, and the right of self-determination for colonized peoples--indeed his activities covered the full spectrum of the most liberal reform movements of his era.
Villard, the third of four children, was born on 13 March 1872 to Henry Villard and Helen Frances (Fanny) Garrison Villard in Wiesbaden, Germany, during one of his parents' periodic sojourns abroad.
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