This series of papers was the vehicle of the Tractarian or Oxford Movement and was chiefly the work of John Henry Cardinal Newman, of whom Dr. Arnold had been the outstanding opponent. No longer acceptable as an educator in Tasmania (Australia), Thomas Arnold brought his family home to England, where, for financial reasons, Mary became the welcome charge of Dr. Arnold's widow and youngest daughter. While Thomas Arnold earned a precarious living teaching under Newman in Dublin and Birmingham, the family grew from three children to eight, but only the boys were trained in the Catholic faith, because Arnold's wife, Julia Sorrel Arnold, remained a staunch Protestant. In 1865, Thomas Arnold returned to Anglicanism and began tutoring at Oxford. In 1867 Mary left boarding school and came to Oxford to stay. There she fulfilled the duties of the oldest daughter in a large family but found time to develop musical, literary, and scholarly talents and to respond to the strong philosophical-religious currents of the academic community. On 6 April 1872, she became the wife of Thomas Humphry Ward, fellow and tutor of Brasenose College. The young couple soon began writing for a number of periodicals.
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