Disillusioned over his "nationalistic" dreams and suffering with the underprivileged, Krleza greeted the October 1917 revolution in Russia as a starting point for a new and better world. Alone or with other leftist writers, Krleza edited literary journals, including Plamen (Flame, 1919), Knjizevna republika (Literary Republic, 1923-1927), Danas (Today, 1934), and Pecat (Stamp, 1939-1940). Although most of them were short-lived, being banned by police authorities, they played an important role in orienting many Yugoslav intellectuals toward "progressive" goals.
During World War II Krleza was in constant danger; rumors were spread abroad that he was dead. He wrote a great deal, but this work was not published until later. Since he did not join the Partisans during the war, he was in disgrace for a while after 1945, but soon he was rehabilitated by Tito. From 1952 on, Krleza was a driving force in liberalizing Yugoslav culture. In 1967 he sided with Croatians defending the use of their own language, but after the drastic ukase of Tito against Croatian political leaders and prominent intellectuals (1 December 1971), Krleza kept silent.
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