Subsequent literary movements exhibiting his influence include nineteenth-century German realism, German expressionism, epic theater, theater of the absurd, and documentary theater.
Karl Georg Büchner was born on 17 October 1813 in the village of Goddelau in Hesse; he was the eldest of six children. His father, Ernst Karl Büchner, a successful physician, was an enthusiastic student of the French Revolution, an admirer of French democracy, and a fervent supporter of the social reforms instituted by Napoleon in Germany. Büchner's mother, Caroline Luise Büchner, née Reuß, an impassioned patriot, longed for a unified German state and, unlike her husband, applauded the expulsion of Napoleon. While his father encouraged the young Büchner's interests in natural science and history, his mother fostered his reverence for nature and love of literature. Two of Büchner's siblings were to become leading cultural figures in Germany during the latter half of the nineteenth century, Luise as a writer and intellectual in the women's movement and Ludwig as a philosopher.
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