He was the third of four children, and the only son, of John Ernst Steinbeck II, manager of a flour mill and treasurer of Monterey County, and Olive Hamilton Steinbeck, a former teacher. Years later Steinbeck said of his youth, "We were poor people with a hell of a lot of land which made us think we were rich people, even when we couldn't buy food and were patched." As a boy he explored the valley, following the Salinas River to its mouth in Monterey Bay and visiting the towns along its shore: Monterey, Carmel, Seaside, and Pacific Grove. He loved the Corral de Tierra and was awed by Big Sur, with its sea cliffs and forests.
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