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August Strindberg is considered to be the father of modern literature in Sweden. He is the most important representative of the so-called Modern Breakthrough in Swedish literature, a literary movement that broke with the nationalistic and Romantic tradition in literature in the 1870s and advocated a focus on contemporary social problems and debate, written in a modern everyday language. No other Swedish writer has been equally influential, both nationally and internationally, in nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature as Strindberg. His drama Fröken Julie (1888; translated as Countess Julie, 1912, but best known as Miss Julie)--focusing on the emerging class struggle in Sweden, portrayed through a sexual encounter between a young woman from the nobility and her father's valet during a midsummer celebration--has proven to be a classic: it is still his most frequently performed play, both in Sweden and abroad. Fröken Julie is also one of the best examples of naturalistic drama in any language, one in which the dramatis personae are characterized through their heredity and environment.
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