Grant, and several books on spiritualism. He also wrote about the struggle for woman's rights in the 1890s and the American Indian. He made significant contributions to the development of realism and naturalism in American literature and was a leading advocate of impressionism at the turn of the century.
Garland was born in West Salem, Wisconsin, on 14 September 1860 to Richard and Isabelle McClintock Garland. After his early formative years growing up on family farms in Wisconsin, Iowa, and the Dakota Territory, Garland made the most crucial decision in both his personal life and his artistic career in the fall of 1884 when he journeyed to Boston, then the intellectual and literary center of the country. By the time he arrived, he was already familiar with the work of Hippolyte Taine and Robert Ingersoll. While in Boston he eagerly read Walt Whitman's poetry, absorbing the poet's view of the spiritual brotherhood of workers as well as much of his nationalistic feeling. He also studied Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer, and others in an effort to understand not only how evolutionary and biological processes in nature led from simple to complex forms, but also how these processes could be applied to society.
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