Educated as a physician, Chekhov practiced only sporadically, though at times intensively and for the most part without remuneration. His identity as a physician remained strong throughout his short life, however, and his education in medicine and the sciences, together with the insights derived from clinical experience, is frequently credited with conditioning his authorial point of view. Without a doubt Chekhov's social consciousness and intensely ethical personal stance owe much to his identification with the progressive, self-sacrificing image of the zemstvo (rural district council) physician. An author of "good works" in every sense of the term, he was a relentless philanthropist whose contributions in labor and cash loomed huge in relation to his resources.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was born on 17 January 1860 in what was then the rather cosmopolitan port city of Taganrog. He was the third son of Pavel Egorovich Chekhov and Evgeniia Iakovlevna Morozova; the other siblings in this remarkably close-knit and talented family were Aleksandr (born 1855), Nikolai (born 1858), Ivan (born 1861), Mariia (born 1863), and Mikhail (born 1865).
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