Much of her achievement resides in her willingness to resist stasis and her ability to revise her positions and poetics in response to the changes she desires and witnesses in her life and surroundings. Merging public and private life as well as politics and poetry, she has explored the figuration of the (often but not always female) individual in various positions along a continuum of possibilities: dutiful daughter, heterosexual lover, wife, widow, daughter-in-law, granddaughter, mother, lesbian lover, Jew, U.S. citizen, Holocaust victim, revolutionary, soldier in war, child, and adult. Allowing her prose and poetry to inform each other, Rich has created multiple levels of awareness for herself and her readers and has, over time, moved toward a greater understanding of the plurality of her own background, of women in general, and finally of the human race. While her early volumes construct the poet as a male speaker and her mid-career works center on her female gender and lesbian sexuality, her most recent books cast her as a Whitmanian figure whose purpose is to encompass the entire "difficult world" with all its diversity in gender, sexuality, age, race, ethnicity, and nationality.
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