Zhu Xi Summary

Zhu Xi ZHU XI (1130–1200), philosopher, scholar, and formulator of what would for centuries be regarded as mainstream neo-Confucianism. The son of an official, Zhu Xi passed the highest civil s... Read more

Chu Hsi fl. c. 1175 Chinese scholar who stated in his Chu Tsi Shu Chieh Yao that fossils were once living organisms. The work also contains discussion of cosmology, and Chu maintained that the univers... Read more

Chu Hsi (1130-1200) was one of the greatest Chinese scholars and philosophers. The system of Neo-Confucianism of which Chu Hsi is regarded as the spokesman represents a summary of doctrines of his pre... Read more

In the excerpt below, Giles offers a brief overview of Chu Hsi's life and his major contributions to Chinese philosophy. … The name of Chu Hsi (1130-1200) is a household word througho... Read more

In the essay that follows, Tillman states that much of Chu Hsi's philosophical development resulted from his relationship with Chang Shih and the correspondence exchanged between the two philos... Read more

In the essay below, Chan discusses Chu Hsi's contribution to Neo-Confucianism, arguing that Chu Hsi eliminated the remnants of Buddhist and Taoist traditions in Neo-Confucianism, as well as ref... Read more

In the following essay, Ryūtarō examines the way in which Chu Hsi criticized his predecessors and developed his own philosophical system. In particular, Ryūtarō traces the ... Read more

In the essay that follows, Hatton compares Chu Hsi's conception of li with the Western notion of “substantial form.” Hatton traces the origins of this debate, and challenges those... Read more

In the following essay, Borthrong contends that although Chu Hsi's views on ethics have been criticized as unoriginal and derivative, they display an ingenious approach based on the concept of ... Read more