The complete online text of The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; Studies in Pessimism by Arthur Schopenhauer.

The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), whose pessimistic philosophy was widely known in the late 19th century in Europe and the United States, held that ultimate reality was nothing but senseless striving or will, having no divine origin...

The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), whose pessimistic philosophy was widely known in the late nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, held that ultimate reality was nothing but senseless striving or will, having no divine...

One of the leading German metaphysicians of the nineteenth century, Arthur Schopenhauer is exceptional in having had a widespread influence outside of philosophy; among his admirers may be counted such figures as Richard Wagner, Friedrich Nietzsche, Tols...

Alexander Herzen and Arthur Schopenhauer are considered precursors of modern pessimism. However, Herzen refused to be categorized as a pessimist although he forwarded the philosophy of despair, hopelessness and disbelief. For Herzen, adverse consequences can be better understood and accepted when unreal expectations are...

For it is the case with regard to everything, that each man can only prize that which to a certain extent is analogous to him and for which he has at least a slight inclination.--Arthur Schopenhauer In his last years, Herman Melville...