The complete online text of The Duel Between France and Germany by Charles Sumner.

American senator Charles Sumner (1811-1874), an uncompromising opponent of slavery, worked to arouse the nation against it. He was a staunch supporter of African American rights legislation and stringent Reconstruction in the South. Charles Sumner was bo...

Charles Sumner, a distinguished legal scholar and ardent reformer who served in the U.S. Senate from 1851 until his death in 1874, was one of the most prominent political figures of the mid nineteenth century. His major contributions to decision making a...

BERLIN THE wonder of the European-unity partnership between Germany and France is that every few years it has overcome difficulties that people say are insurmountable. Now another formidable obstacle has arisen. Does the euro, the planned European currency, place the bar an...

A new defense protocol between France and Germany was signed in Dec 1996, but only recently leaked by the press. Although the pact does not substantially change the nations' relations, it does align France more closely with NATO. The pact has been controversial in...