Organismic Biology
The term organismalism was coined by the zoologist W. E. Ritter in 1919 to describe the theory that, in his words, "the organism in its totality is as essential to an explana...
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Teleology [addendum]
Teleological explanations are said to be forward looking. We ask why Lauren is walking and are told her purpose, which is to buy ice cream when she gets to the shop. Or we ask why...
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Teleology
The term teleology locates a series of connected philosophical questions. If we grant that there is such a thing as purposive or goal-directed activity (as we must, since, for example, a pol...
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Organismic Biology