The degree to which the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM is plastic is uncertain. It was thought that, once in adult form, the mammalian central nervous system could not regenerate or develop further—all it could do was degenerate and die. This may not be...

Most neural connections exhibit synaptic plasticity, increases or decreases in synaptic efficacy. Several distinct forms of synaptic plasticity exist, differing in both their induction requirements and time course of expression. Synaptic plasticity...

In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of the connection, or synapse, between two neurons to change in strength. There are several underlying mechanisms that cooperate to achieve synaptic plasticity, including changes in the quantity of...

Abstract We discuss parallels in the mechanisms underlying use-dependent synaptic plasticity during development and long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in neocortical synapses. Neuromodulators, such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and acetylcholine have also been implicated in regulating both developmental plasticity and LTP/LTD. There are...

Mitochondria play a central role in a variety of cellular processes, including ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation, production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a by-product, robust regulation of calcium homeostasis inside the cell, and the initiation of apoptosis through the activation...