Soil is found in the top layers of regolith, the unconsolidated (uncompacted) matter comprised of soil, sediment, and portions of bedrock that form the outer crustal layer of the Earth's surface. Soil includes varying amounts of organic matter...

The layers in the soil from the surface to the subsoil. The soil profile is the collection of soil horizons. Soil profiles will vary from location to location because of the five soil-forming factors: climate, vegetation, topography, soil parent...

When water moves through the soil, it moves small colloidal-sized particles with it. These particles of clay, iron, humus, and calcium carbonate will be deposited in zones below the surface or in the subsoil. The zones are called illuvial zones and the...

A sequence of soils that contain distinctly different soil horizons because of the influence that vegetation had on the soils during their development. A typical biosequence would be the prairie soils in a dry environment, oak-savannah soils as a...

A soil horizon is a specific layer in the soil which measures parallel to the soil surface and possesses physical characteristics which differ from the layers above and beneath. Horizon formation is a function of a range of geological, chemical, and...

Abstract As the 21st century dawns, we can reflect on the progress made during the 20th century in the fields broadly covered by soil fertility and its management and see that progress has been truly amazing. When we consider the many aspects...

Lack of soil physical data, particularly soil water release data and hydraulic conductivity data, is recognised as one of the greatest limitations to the widespread application of simulation models, needed to address environmental issues. Because of the expense of generating new soil physical data...