Roger II (1095-1154), king of Sicily from 1130 to 1154, was the most able ruler in 12th-century Europe. He organized a multiracial, multinational kingdom in which Arabic, Byzantine, Lombard, Jewish, and Norman cultures produced a brilliant cosmopolitan...

1095-1154 Norman king of Sicily who established the first compulsory medical examinations for European doctors. Roger, whose reign began in 1130, waged a successful war against the Byzantine Empire, created a civil service, and made his capital at...

Roger II (22 December 1095[1] – 26 February 1154) was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, later became Duke of Apulia and Calabria (1127), then King of Sicily...

Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler between East and West. By Hubert Houben. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 231 pp. n.p. Roger II of Sicily is well known as the founder of the Norman kingdom of Sicily in the twelfth century....

THE NEPHEW OF Robert Guiscard and son of Count Roger I of Sicily, Roger II succeeded to Sicily at the age of nine in 1105 and took personal control in 1112, when he was sixteen. Subduing all opposition, he ruled it until his...