Germany was the first country to provide workers with a comprehensive plan for social security. There, in 1881, Germany's imperial chancellor, Prince Otto von Bismarck, announced his plan to offer workers subsidized insurance against sickness,...

Retirement represents a key life transition in the lives of older men. This life change from a focus on work and career to leaving paid labour often involves a contradictory mixture of perceived loss and potential growth and reconstruction. Some men...

Retirement Timeline 1790–1879 ∼ Recognizing the Need for Retirement State legislatures introduced policies of mandatory retirement for some public officials between 1790 and 1820 / Business begins to regard unemployment as a distinctly...

Retirement is primarily a twentieth-century phenomenon that developed through a convergence of public and private employment policies, a restructuring of the life span relative to work activity, and a redefinition of the terms of monetary compensation...

Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely. A person may also semi-retire and keep some sort of retirement job, out of choice rather than necessity. This usually happens upon reaching a determined age, when physical conditions...

Dick Pier, president of Community Bank in Avon, S.D., will mark 50 years in the banking industry in 2006. Reading Dick's comments on page 14 of this issue got me to thinking about all the people in the banking industry who work long past...

Your VOICES The most insidious fellow traveler of retirement, beyond boredom, is perceived irrelevance. Physicians, accustomed to busy lives and deep interpersonal involvement, are especially susceptible to what I call retirement anhedonia (RA). The 'Post-Docs' of New Jersey may have discovered an...

You're at the top of your game, the peak of your career, and you're making more money than you've ever made. Now is the perfect time to think about quitting.Say what? It's true. The five-to-ten-year period before you retire is the time to assess your...

As I and many others are socking away as much money as we can into our 401(k) and/or IRA accounts while some are spending their income as fast as they can and putting away little or nothing for retirement, I have this little nagging worry....

Retirement in the early part of the century was not an option for most individuals. Aging people in their fifty's and beyond had to continue in the workforce to suffice, unless they were among wealthy individuals that could stop working at any time or any age because they knew their income was sufficient enough to live on.