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1 In traditional semantics, reference is the relation between the linguistic expression (name, word) and the object in extralinguistic reality to which the expression refers ( semiotic triangle). The division between denotation and extension seems to...

Elbein, A.D. and Molyneux, R.J. (1987). The chemistry and biochemistry of simple indolizidine and related polyhydroxyalkaloids. In Alkaloids, Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Volume 5 (Pelletier, S.W., ed.), pp. 1–54, New York: Wiley....

Charlwood, B.V. and Banthorpe, D.V. (1991). Volume 7, The Terpenoids. Methods. In Plant Biochemistry (Dey, P.M. and Harborne, J.B., eds). London: Academic Press. Glasby, J.S. (1982). Encyclopedia of the Terpenoids, in 2 Volumes. Chichester: Wiley....

Cordell, G. (1981). Introduction to Alkaloids: A Biogenic Approach. New York: Wiley-Interscience. Glasby, J.S. (1978). Encyclopedia of the Alkaloids, in 3 Volumes. New York: Plenum Press. Grundon, M.F. (1976–1983). The Alkaloids, Specialist...

In general, a reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. Such relations may occur in a variety of domains, including linguistics, logic, computer science,...

Former President Jimmy Carter issued a letter to American Jews on Friday, explaining the use of the term "apartheid" in his new book and sympathizing with Israelis who fear terrorism.Carter, author of a book on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that advocates "peace not apartheid" in the...

During his eight days as a part-time high school biology teacher, Kris Helphinstine included Biblical references in material he provided to students and gave a PowerPoint presentation that made links between evolution, Nazi Germany and Planned Parenthood.That was enough for the Sisters School Board, which...

After being sued by J.K. Rowling, a publisher has agreed to delay its plans to release an encyclopedic reference work on the fictitious world of the Harry Potter novels.RDR Books Publisher Roger Rapoport said he volunteered to halt typesetting on the planned "Harry Potter Lexicon"...

The Education Ministry will restore textbook references suggesting that Japan's wartime military could have played a role in forcing Okinawans to commit mass suicides during the closing days of World War II, officials said Wednesday.The ministry's move is an apparent attempt to ease the huge...