Almost all organisms translate their genes into protein structures using an identical, universal codon dictionary in which each amino acid in the protein is represented by a combination of only three nucleotides. For example, the sequence AAA in a gene...

In biology, a reading frame is a contiguous and non-overlapping set of three-nucleotide codons in DNA or RNA. There are 3 possible reading frames in a mRNA strand and six in a double stranded DNA molecule due to the two strands from which transcription...