The theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED) has proved to be enormously successful in explaining interactions involving both electromagnetic and weak forces. So it is hardly surprising that physicists have considered the possibility of a similar theory...

Quantum Chromodynamics, or QCD, is the theory describing the strong interactions between quarks and gluons. These interactions are responsible for binding quarks together into nucleons and mesons, and also for binding the nucleons together inside...

Introduction to... Mathematical formulation...

It took nearly a year to do the calculations, but when the computer finally disgorged the numbers, physicists had for the first time extracted from theory predictions of the ratios of the masses of eight subatomic particles. These computed, theoretically derived ratios differ...

As shown, experiments registered unmatter: a new kind of matter whose atoms include both nucleons and anti-nucleons, while their life span was very short, no more than [10.sup.-20] sec. Stable states of unmatter can be built on quarks and anti-quarks: applying the unmatter...