Language form that serves not as verbal communication but rather as a vehicle for thinking. There are different approaches for explaining the function, form, and development of internal language; a detailed discussion can be found in Vygotskij (1934)....

Concept used by differing schools in philosophy (of language) comprising the idea that there is a language distinct from public language whose expressions refer exclusively to personal experiences and consciousness to such a degree that they cannot be...

Philosophical Investigations (Philosophische Untersuchungen) is, along with the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, one of the two major works by 20th-century philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. In it, Wittgenstein discusses numerous problems and puzzles in...

Christianity and the Nature of Science: A Philosophical Investigation. By J. P. Moreland. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1989, 272 pp., $14.99. Back in print after an unfortunate hiatus, this book provides an excellent starting point for those interested in thinking Christianly about science. Its...

By Philip Kerr. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 330 pp. $20. Here's a nifty novel, to describe and to dream about. But before we get into the LOMBROSO program, an overview of jurisprudence in the twenty-first century will be helpful, and Philip Kerr,...

In the following essay, Bouveresse discusses Wittgenstein's philosophy in the context of twentieth-century history and culture, particularly that of Germany.

Quigley is an English-born writer and educator. In the following essay, he questions whether, given Wittgenstein's personal aversion to systems of philosophical analysis, it is possible for literary theorists to employ a truly "Wittgensteinian" method of analysis.

In the following essay, John discusses the importance of "wonder" in the life and writings of Wittgenstein.