The cough reflex is a coordinated neural and muscular response to the irritation of the respiratory system. As a reflex action, coughing does not require conscious direction or control. Coughing is a nociceptive reflex, designed to protect the body...

The pharyngeal reflex or gag reflex is a reflex contraction of the back of the throat, evoked by touching the soft palate[1], that prevents something from entering the throat except as part of normal swallowing. This helps prevent choking. The afferent...

Objectives: Fiberoptic endoscopie evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing has been used to assess the integrity of laryngopharyngeal sensory and motor components. The pharyngeal squeeze is a maneuver used during fiberoptic endoscopie evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing to assess pharyngeal motor function. Although...

A prominent feature of Middle Chinese, a linguistic system reconstructed on the basis of the Chiehyunn dictionary composed by Luh Faayan, is palatalization. In most reconstructions of Middle Chinese, this palatalization is manifested by the presence of a palatal glide after the initial consonant....