Lithology is the study of rocks, emphasizing their macroscopic physical characteristics, including grain size, mineral composition, and color. Lithology and its related field, petrography (the description and systematic classification of rocks), are...

Petrology (from Greek: πέτρα, petra, rock; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is a field of geology that focuses on the study of rocks and the conditions on which they form. The word lithology once was approximately synonymous with petrography, but...

Introduction From the Middle Palaeolithic to Early Bronze Age, flint was used extensively in Poland for stone tool manufacture (Lech 1981; Balcer 1983). Three different flint types were mined around the Holy Cross Mountains of southeastern Poland (FIGURE 1) (chocolate, grey white-spotted...

ABSTRACT We designed new laboratory exercises for undergraduate igneous petrology that teach the fundamentals of petrography and petrology within the framework of tectonic environments. Our exercises are designed to promote the use of the scientific method by requiring students to collect and use...

The Cima Volcanic Field seems like nothing but a vast wasteland.It’s a forbidding-looking landscape with its abandoned mines, craggy hillsides, cacti, dry wind, sun-bleached paths and orange rust. “It seems like a place you would never want to go,” Cal State Fullerton volcano expert Brandon...