France 1871 In March 1871 the citizens of the city of Paris rejected the authority of the French national government at Versailles. The immediate origins of this revolt against the central government lay in the Franco-Prussian War and the four-month...

The "Paris Commune" (French: La Commune de Paris) was a government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May 1871. It has been variously described as either Anarchist or Socialist in tenor, depending on the ideology...

The Paris Commune of 1871 is discussed. Topics include the Commune's origins; aims, membership and activities of the Commune; the chaotic or festive nature of the events; the outbreak of civil violence; and the historical significance of the Commune. Robert Tombs explains why...

ABSTRACT During the Paris Commune of 1871, communards assumed responsibility for administration of the Bibliotheque Nationale. On April 1 the Commune appointed Citizen Jules Vincent the library's supervisor. Three weeks later, the Commune dismissed Vincent when it discovered that he had embezzled...

You've heard different terms, sometimes conflicting, in broadcasts, blogs and cocktail parties. But, how should one describe the real estate market? (The New York Times) The New York City Environmental Fund gave a load of money--$763,200--to groups "that raise local environmental awareness and enhance...

The Frenchman was urgent. Still youngish, maybe 45, he had moved to New York City to catch his breath after a life spent in the intellectual atmosphere, antic but finally stultifying, of home. He did not use George Orwell’s phrase about “smelly little orthodoxies,” but...