The oxidation state of an atom, also called the oxidation number, is a numerical value that represents the charge an ion has or an atom appears to have when its electrons are counted based on a set of commonly accepted rules. The value (+ or -) of the...

The oxidation number of a central atom in a coordination compound is the charge that it would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared with the central atom.[1] It is used in the nomenclature of inorganic...

In the casting of aluminum alloys and, in general, in the casting of film-forming alloys, the entrainment of oxides into the bulk liquid severely reduces the strength of the cast part. To avoid this, the melt velocity must be kept below a certain value,...

Abstract It is generally agreed that a non-integer oxidation number may not be given to an element, unless it is present with more than one atom per molecule (or formula unit) in a given substance. Yet, the examples discussed in this paper, concerning...