A coordinate system is a way of naming the points of n-dimensional space with n-tuples of real numbers so that no two points have the same name. For example, a line can be assigned coordinates be naming one of the points 0 (also called the origin) and...

In mathematics, orthogonal, as a simple adjective, not part of a longer phrase, is a generalization of perpendicular. It means at right angles, from the Greek ὀρθός orthos, meaning "straight", used by Euclid to mean right; and γωνία gonia,...

ABSTRACT The "breeding method" is a well-established and computationally inexpensive method for generating perturbations for ensemble integrations. One feature of bred vectors is that, although arbitrary initial perturbations generally converge toward the fastest growing directions, distinct bred vectors for global numerical weather prediction...

Compound orthogonal arrays have recently been introduced as an alternative to Taguchi's direct product arrays for studying location and dispersion effects simultaneously. In this article, we provide a catalog of two-level compound orthogonal arrays for parameters of most practical interest. The arrays presented...