Integration is one of the basic operations of calculus. However, its results are not always straightforward; there are some integrals whose solution is not apparent by inspection. Because this is the case, and because closed form and numerical...

In complex analysis, contour integration is a method of evaluating certain integrals of real-valued functions along intervals on the real line that are not readily found by using only real variables. Complex analysis methods described below outline the...

Introduction Contour lines are an important cartographic tool used to symbolize continuous surfaces. In representing topography, contour lines allow quantitative measurements of elevation, slope, and relief. One criticism of the contour method, however, is that it does not present an easily recognized...

The initial reaction to the introduction of high-speed computers is one of the immediate attempts at simple adaptations, making them extremely fast post-processors of data from "conventional" optical experiments, to analyze and deliver results almost instantly for use. Only thereafter, methods based exclusively on...