. In order to secure the Carolingian realm against invasions from Spain, Charlemagne (742–814) created a march, or defensive zone organized on a military basis, along the Spanish border. Frankish conquests in the 790s and early 9th century...

The Marca Hispanica (Hispanic or Spanish March, also March of Barcelona) was a buffer zone beyond the province of Septimania, created by Charlemagne in 795 as a defensive barrier between the Umayyad Moors of Al-Andalus and the Frankish Kingdom. It was...