Literature
Long before Sputnik 1 became humankind's first orbiting spacecraft in 1957 and before the first astronauts landed on the Moon in 1969, science fiction and science fact writers provid...
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Literature
The Civil War, and the ideological passions that led to armed hostility, dominate American war literature of the nineteenth century. Yet for all the drama of this great national conflict, t...
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Literature, World War II
Writers have long drawn on the experiences of war to examine themes such as race, power, democracy, and human behavior under conditions of stress. Partly through addressing th...
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Computers and Literature
Computers have affected human society as few other inventions in the past century have. As literature generally tends to reflect the nature and self-image of the society that ...
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Science, Technology, and Literature
The ethical implications of science and technology found in literaturre are varied and often implicit as well as explicit. A beginning survey may reasonably inclu...
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War and Peace in American Literature
American Literature Introduction
War and peace have been fundamental characteristics of the American nation since the first explorers and settlers arrived on its s...
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In the following essay, Allen presents an overview of animals in literature throughout history.
Animals1 have served literature well. They have stood as allegorical figures to represent human nature a...
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In the following essay, Felgar comments on the animal imagery in Richard Wright's Native Son, finding that it symbolizes the white view of blacks in America.
When Buckley, the State's At...
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In the following essay, Edwards examines the comic elements of Robert Frost's anthropomorphism.
Robert Frost regarded the writing of poetry itself as a form of play. He says in “The Craf...
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In the following essay, Gabbard finds Edward Albee's use of animals in Seascape to symbolize the human struggle to cope with inevitable death.
Edward Albee's Seascape is obviously not a ...
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In the following essay, Piacentino agrees with the critical assessment of the animal imagery in John Steinbeck's “Flight.”
Published initially in The Long Valley (1938), “F...
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In the following essay, Allen argues that Marianne Moore associated discipline and modesty with freedom in the animals in her poetry.
Among animals, one has a sense of humor.
—Moore
The apartm...
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In the following essay, Lourdeaux finds in Marianne Moore's animal imagery an example of the modernist “dissociated image.”
A hallmark of modernist poetry is the dissociated image...
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In the following essay, Allen discusses Flannery O'Connor's use of animal imagery to depict her notion of the world as a zoo of misfits in her novel Wise Blood.
In Flannery O'Conn...
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In the following essay, German discusses animal imagery as representative of racism and sexism in the first chapter of Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man.
Chapter one of Ralph Ellison's Invis...
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In the following essay, Hollander discusses Robert Frost's place in “poetic ornithology.”
Mythologizing a construction of nature's—an animal, plant, geological forma...
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In the following essay, Lucas presents an overview of Canadian literature featuring animals and nature themes.
Nature writing is a comparatively recent literary development. Yet its roots lie deep in ...
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In the following essay, Inniss surveys animals in the fiction of D. H. Lawrence.
A. Pure Passionate Experience
If we examine Lawrence's major fiction for its use of the animal rhetoric and symb...
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In the following essay, Brosman argues that the animals in Jean-Paul Sartre's novel La Nausée are intended to represent the worst in human nature.
Although a number of scholars have note...
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In the following essay, Fleissner examines the literary origins of the insect in Franz Kafka's “The Metamorphosis.”
The title of this essay is manifestly facetious, for my donn&#x...
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In the following essay, Schwartz examines animal imagery in the works of Ramón Sender.
Animals and their relationships to man have preoccupied human beings since the beginning of time. Some anc...
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In the following essay, Scholtmeijer provides a feminist reading of animals in literature written by women.
Contextualizing the Problem
In her introduction to Buffalo Gals and Other Animal Presences, ...
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In the following excerpt, Martin maintains that Catharine Beecher's theories of women's education and domestic management in Treatise on Domestic Economy strongly emphasize the importanc...
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In the following essay, LaMonaca studies Catharine Sedgwick's Means and Ends and Anna Jameson's Characteristics of Women, suggesting that both are progressive conduct books stressing the...
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In the following excerpt, Demers studies the essays of Hannah More, finding that they stress the importance of education, living a moral and practical life, refraining from frivolity, and fulfilling t...
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In the following essay, Donawerth studies women's conduct books that focus on writing and speaking, finding that while works by Lydia Sigourney and Eliza Farrar emphasize the importance of lear...
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In the following essay, Peterson suggests that Martineau's Household Education is an important radical work for its dismissal of differences in the educational needs of girls and boys, and for ...
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In the following essay, Hamilton suggests that Cobbe's Duties of Women instructs women to practice feminism appropriately in everyday life, and to display courage and self-reliance while remain...
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In the following essay, Schlesinger surveys American behavioral literature, maintaining that behavioral literature became very popular in America after the late 1820s because the rising classes wanted...
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In the following essay, Sklar examines Beecher's Treatise on Domestic Economy, a comprehensive handbook in which she discusses house-building, setting a table, cleaning, gardening, cooking, hea...
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In the following excerpt, Halttunen suggests that in the early nineteenth century, the ideology of manners had changed in America—largely due to the publication and influence of English Lord Ch...
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In the following essay, Branca discusses English Victorian conduct books, suggesting that they were critical in tone; they implied that women were impractical and under-skilled due to their overly &#x...
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In the following excerpt, Langland maintains that English Victorian etiquette primarily provided a means for displaying wealth and social status, for delineating social class, and for preventing the s...
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In the following essay, Ward summarizes the history and evolution of the scholarly debate regarding law and literature, noting key ideas and critics.
Students seek out good teaching to learn not the r...
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In the following essay, Ward explores Kafka's The Trial and Camus's The Outsider as texts useful in the literary and legal study of the concept of responsibility.
There is no doubt that ...
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In the following essay, Rockwood surveys recent critical approaches to the study of law and literature and suggests that the two disciplines together can be helpful in understanding the moral complexi...
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In the following essay, Crane discusses the extent to which literature and law interact and are capable of influencing each other and evaluates three recent studies of that subject.
In the Library of ...
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In the following essay, Kornstein presents a brief summary of literature and law study over the past two decades, emphasizing that the future of the discipline lies in engaging the interest of actual ...
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In the following essay, Posner argues, citing numerous examples of fiction that encompass legal issues, that the law figures in literary works as a metaphor rather than as the center of thematic inter...
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In the following essay, Dolan explores the cultural and philosophical context which enabled a connection between literature and law in the post-Enlightenment European tradition.
The study of fictional...
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In the following essay, Lin discusses the role of the central legal case in A Passage to India in terms of Forster's depiction of the “oftentimes self-contradictory role law plays in the...
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In the following essay, Pencak comments on Swift's Gulliver's Travels as a critique of English legal injustices but emphasizes that neither anger nor utopian thinking prove useful for Gu...
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In the following essay, Dolin focuses on Dickens's criticism of the court of Chancery and its inheritance laws as exhibited in Bleak House.
A reviewer of the first number of Bleak House anticip...
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In the following essay, Dolin explores A Passage to India as Forster's critique of British imperialist law and specifically of the policy of “Anglicization.”
English law and Engli...
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In the following essay, the critic examines the relationship between sex and the law as treated by Hawthorne and Updike in their respective novels The Scarlet Letter and S.
In John Updike's S. ...
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In the following essay, Billingslea-Brown explores the effect of anti-miscegenation laws in the framework of social repression of Blacks through established legal mechanisms.
Between American jurispru...
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In the following essay, Barsky comments on Bakhtin's theory of the implicit relationship between language, anarchy, and natural law presented in the framework of personal freedom.
The various d...
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In the following essay, Low focuses on Kafka's depiction of justice and morality in The Trial, suggesting that his notion of it is a complex, nuanced one not easily summarized by modern critics...
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In the following essay, Figueira discusses how Nietzsche incorporated his interest in the Indian law book The Laws of Manu into his work.
Much has been written on Nietzsche's reconstruction of ...
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In the following essay, Freeman examines Brecht's notions about law, morality, and justice as revealed through his play The Caucasian Chalk Circle.
I. Not Bertolt Brecht
This paper is not about...
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In the following essay, Gailus explores Kafka's idea of the law as a “force without significance” as developed through his satire of the law machine in “In the Penal Colony...
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In the following essay, Üsekes discusses Wilson's linking of whiteness with law and terror in his plays, suggesting that off-stage white characters symbolize a corrupt legal system that ...
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In the following excerpt, Darvall considers why so little attention was given to the Luddite Rebellion and other similar worker uprisings, noting that while those of the middle and lower classes sympa...
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In the following excerpt, Thomis discusses the social and political context of the Luddite Rebellion and attempts to define exactly who the Luddites were and what they sought to achieve. He also exami...
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In the following essay, Sale provides background on the Luddite revolt and other events in the workers' movement against machines. He then discusses nineteenth-century responses by British inte...
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In the following excerpt, Bailey describes the industrial unrest that took place in several regions in the early nineteenth century and examines the responses to the troubles by manufacturers, the gov...
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In the following essay, Fox discusses the historical context of the Luddite revolt.
The word Luddite is newly trendy. It finds its way into articles and essays at the elite edge of media consumption a...
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In the following excerpt, Vicinus explores the response of weavers to the mechanization of their trade as described in popular working-class broadside literature, which the critic says protested again...
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In the following excerpt, Webb considers the historical accuracy of Charlotte Brontë's novel Shirley.
I
The importance of the years 1812-13 to Charlotte Brontë is of course signif...
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In the following excerpt, Zlotnick examines how Charlotte Brontë's novel Shirley represents history, noting the author's ambivalent treatment of the Luddites. The critic asserts t...
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In the following essay, Fox illustrates how the Romantic poets protested against industrialization while sympathizing with Luddites and other workers displaced by emerging technology.
There is an intr...
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In the following excerpt, Harris provides an overview of works addressing the theme of lynching and argues that raising the topic was, for many writers, a consciously political act.
William Wells Brow...
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In the following essay, Baker examines ballads associated with three lynchings in North Carolina and contends that, more than novels and poetry, folk music offers insight into attitudes toward lynchin...
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In the following essay, McMurray argues that Stephen Crane's novella The Monster recalls the 1892 lynching of Robert Lewis in Crane's hometown.
The critical history of Stephen Crane�...
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In the following essay, Davis examines the anti-lynching activities of Ida B. Wells-Barnett through the texts of Wells-Barnett's anti-lynching pamphlets, Southern Horrors and A Red Record.
In h...
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In the following essay, McMurry delineates Ida B. Wells-Barnett's anti-lynching activism and career after the journalist's controversial departure from the Memphis Free Speech.
“W...
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In the following essay, an introduction to three of Ida B. Wells-Barnett's writings on lynching, Collins provides an overview of Wells-Barnett's activism and career and situates Wells-Ba...
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In the following excerpt, Grant examines the treatment of lynching in both the white and black press.
In the 1880s the press was divided on the question of lynching along the same lines that the count...
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In the following essay, Brundage details responses to lynching by politicans and the press in Virginia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Opposition to lynching in Virginia mounted ...
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In the following essay, Graham characterizes four writers—Mark Twain, George Washington Cable, Edward Bellamy, and Henry George—as spokesmen for social reform in late nineteenth-century ...
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In the following excerpt, Kaul describes Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as a novel that questions the moral basis of nineteenth-century American society.
The boy [Huck] and the...
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In the following essay, Noble discusses Fyodor Dostoevsky's strong condemnation of bourgeois society in his writings.
Few, if any, writers equal Dostoevsky's capacity to combine the powe...
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In the following essay, first presented at a conference in 1975, Ripp considers Ivan Turgenev's depictions of social constraints and his conception of an ideal future for Russia.
I
In the early...
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In the following essay, Jones demonstrates tensions between artistic representation and the social world in E. T. A. Hoffmann's novel Lebensansichten des Katers Murr.
E. T. A. Hoffmann's...
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In the following essay, Cismaru presents Victor Hugo as a writer preoccupied with the struggle for human liberty.
The year 1985 marked the centenary of Victor Hugo's death. In France, and signi...
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In the following essay, Marchand discusses Edgar Allan Poe's criticism of American society and politics in the nineteenth century.
As early as 1855 the notion was abroad that Poe moved about ov...
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In the following excerpt, Yin describes the powerful literary responses of Chinese immigrants to the deplorable social conditions they endured in mid-nineteenth-century America.
This is to certify tha...
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In the following essay, Gilbert considers the influence of Ralph Waldo Emerson on the struggle for expanded women's rights in nineteenth-century America.
In order to understand Emerson's...
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In the following essays, Knott claims that writings about early Protestant martyrs reveal a community with a common identity wherein the martyrs bond was strengthened by the suffering they shared for ...
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In the following essay, Bartlett examines the motivations and purposes behind Foxe's writing of Acts and Monuments.
By using modified forms of the analysis categories developed by hagiographic ...
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In the following essay, Woolf discusses Foxe's narrative strategy and explores problems of structure in the author's history of Protestant martyrs.
For oftentimes the will and pleasure o...
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In the following essay, Knott considers Foxe's focus on the “inward joy and peace of conscience” of the martyrs, noting that these sentiments appear to result from their awareness...
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In the following essay, Collinson analyzes the controversy surrounding Foxe's work, focusing on issues of veracity in the text.
I
John Foxe (and notwithstanding some glancing references to John...
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In the following essay, Tribble considers Foxe's work in light of its structure, claiming that in addition to what the text says, the accompanying illustrations, layout, and paper type were cri...
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In the following essay, Fichte examines the willingness and ability of Protestant martyrs to allow the spirit and the mind to overcome the body, as told in Foxe's record.
Once Foxe's acc...
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In the following essay, originally presented in 1984, Macek examines the role of female participants in the English Reformation.
God forbyd that I shoulde loose the lyfe eternall for this carnal and s...
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In the following essay, Kesselring examines the importance of John Bale's writings in helping advocate an active political and religious role for women at the time of the Reformation.
John Bale...
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In the following essay, De Aruña examines the treatment of racism and sexism in several fictional works that also deal with imperialism in the Caribbean.
I began to feel I loved the land and to...
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In the following essay, Aanerud discusses the social, historical, and literary implications of “whiteness” in three works, including Kate Chopin's The Awakening.
One of the signs ...
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In the following essay, Della Cava and Engel explore instances of various kinds of racism in several contemporary detective novels featuring female protagonists.
As more and more women achieve promine...
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In the following essay, Pearson focuses on Johnson's role in the Harlem Renaissance movement—especially his writings for Opportunity and other periodicals that emphasized an emerging ide...
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In the following excerpt, Bryant discusses violence and racism in Richard Wright's Native Son, noting that the novel's protagonist, Bigger Thomas, is the first Black character in America...
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In the following essay, Kellman discusses the uneasy relationship between African Americans and Jews in Bernard Malamud's The Tenants.
Each, thought the writer, feels the anguish of the other.
...
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In the following essay, Perkins discusses how the writings of Toni Cade Bambara address the exclusion of African American women both by Black men and white feminists.
Published in 1970, Toni Cade Bamb...
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In the following essay, Overbye focuses on Evelyn Scott's depiction of two mulatto characters—in Migrations and A Calendar of Sin—through whom Scott comments on the racial, cultur...
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In the following essay, Goldfarb examines Howells's attitude toward racism in the United States as revealed by the themes and characters of his novella An Imperative Duty.
William Dean Howells&...
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In the following excerpt from an essay originally published in 1977, Achebe argues that in Heart of Darkness Conrad characterizes Africans in a way that dehumanizes them and sets up a contrast between...
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In the following essay, Elfenbein comments on Chopin's questioning of prevailing racial stereotypes, especially pertaining to women's sexuality, in her novel The Awakening.
Kate Chopin&#...
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In the following essay, Bleikasten explores Light in August in light of Faulkner's depiction of Southern society in the 1920s and 1930s, focusing on his treatment of outsiders by the community....
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In the following essay, Tietze and Riedl discuss London's treatment of racism in his stories about South Sea islanders, concluding that his ironic style indicts the brutality and ignorance exhi...
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In the following essay, Knott addresses the charge made by Toni Morrison and other critics that Hemingway displays racist tendencies in To Have and Have Not, asserting that these critics fail to perce...
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In the following essay, Kaye discusses the enduring relevance of Twain's Huckleberry Finn but emphasizes that the novel also glosses over racism in white society by making the reader complicit ...
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In the following essay, Wittke classifies the representation of immigrants in American theatre in the last half of the nineteenth century, including Irish, German, Italian, and Jewish Americans.
The c...
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In the following essay, Harap traces the origins of the concept of the “wandering Jew” from Biblical interpretations to the mid-century novel by Eugène Sue, Wandering Jew, and Ame...
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In the following essay, Fine analyzes the writings of those who sought to assimilate rather than exclude American immigrants. Focusing on “tenement tales” of the late nineteenth century,...
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In the following essay, Kersten details the use of the German immigrant character in nineteenth-century humor and proposes that the humorous immigrant provided a safe medium for satiric observations o...
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In the following excerpt, Takaki discusses the manner in which literature depicting stereotypical Chinese laborers influenced American attitudes towards them.
A surplus labouring population … f...
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In the following essay, Gleason examines the influence of the influx of Irish immigrants on Thoreau's writing. Gleason finds that Thoreau's anxiety about immigrants and how they might ch...
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In the following essay, Doriani argues that Davis's story of the immigrant poor took its readers beyond the widespread opinion that the poor were responsible for their own poverty to what Davis...
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In the following essay, Curtis discusses the role of physiognomy in shaping cultural beliefs about the Irish in Victorian England. Physiognomy was applied in nineteenth-century novels and graphic sati...
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In the following essay, Guillaume discusses Henry Mayhew's observations about Jewish immigrants living in London, focusing on issues of labor and trade. Guillaume notes that Mayhew expressed sy...
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In the following essay, Slatter describes the various roles played by Russian immigrant characters in English fiction, including the oppressed victim, the ideologue, and the heroic adventurer.
During ...
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In the following essay, Brackett discusses the relationship between science and literature in the nineteenth century, claiming that new avenues in literature were limited and science offered the oppor...
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In the following essay, Burroughs looks at nineteenth-century literary figures, including Keats, Tennyson, Emerson, and Carlyle, to assess the extent to which these writers were influenced by science....
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In the following essay, Mayne discusses how poetry and science are more similar than different in that they both seek truth. Likewise, Mayne claims that the best way to popularize scientific knowledge...
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In the following essay, Mizruchi examines the emergence of the science of sociology in the nineteenth century and discusses the ways in which the concerns of this new science corresponded to the conce...
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In the following essay, Cooper traces the influence of the scientific theories of evolution and determinism on nineteenth-century poetry, explaining that the period was one of extensive experimentatio...
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In the following essay, Walls finds that the rise of nature literature is related to the hardening distinctions between science and literature, an issue that was of great significance to intellectuals...
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In the following essay, Morgan reviews two 1998 texts dealing with the effects of modernization and globalization on late-nineteenth-century intellectuals, commenting on the resonating power of questi...
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In the following essay, White discusses the impact of science on Dickinson's poetry, speculating that the poet used her writing to explore the negative effects of the scientific impulse to unco...
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In the following essay, Hume analyses Poe's “Ligeia” as a synthesis of mythology and science.
In a September 1839 letter to Philip Cooke, Edgar Allan Poe expressed his view that &...
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In the following essay, Flint examines George Eliot's The Lifted Veil as a text representative of the developing contemporary debate about the relationship between physiology and psychology.
On...
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In the following essay, Underwood evaluates Shelley's engagement with contemporary debates on science and natural philosophy, remarking on the connections between his scientific studies and poe...
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In the following essay, Hume characterizes Three Thousand Years Among the Microbes as one of Twain's few satiric attacks on the scientific ideologies of his time.
Despite the fact that Mark Twa...
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In the following essay, O'Neill offers an analysis of Tennyson's poetry, explaining that his synthesis of the romantic and scientific helped define the Victorian response to the muddied ...
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In the following essay, Wilson examines Dickinson's poems concerning death, noting that while the poet's attitude toward the power of the scientific method is generally favorable, she re...
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In the following essay, Pettitt uses “Cousin Phillis” to probe Elizabeth Gaskell's views of science and contemporary scientific culture.
Gaskell completed her novel Sylvia'...
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In the following essay, Brigham studies Shelley's Adonais as an interdisciplinary poem that incorporates scientific literature with traditional poetry.
Research programs in science studies ...
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In the following essay, Schweik outlines the influence of contemporary religious, scientific, and philosophic thought on Thomas Hardy's writings.
A consideration of the influence of contemporar...
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In the following excerpt, Walls surveys nineteenth-century theories about the plurality of worlds in the context of several notable non-fiction works of the time.
We might try our lives by a thousand ...
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In the following essay, Knight appraises Thomas Henry Huxley's influence on the study and popularity of science in the nineteenth century.
Huxley was a bold, accessible, and above all controver...
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In the following foreword to an anthology of social conduct books, the author argues that a “liberal” education for women would result in improvements to society.
Till this great truth b...
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In the essay below, Hull surveys the types and content of social conduct books published in England, primarily in the sixteenth century.
More than half (eighty-five) of all the books for women were pr...
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In the essay that follows, Morgan defines different types of English social conduct books—including those for men, women, and children—in the late eighteenth century.
Considering the imp...
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In the following essay, Ashley explores how social conduct books for non-aristocrats influenced French and English drama in the late Middle Ages.
As many historians have pointed out, the late Middle A...
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In the essay below, Schnell explores how marriage sermons shaped standards of conduct for men and women.
Even when they address the same issues, different situations do not elicit the same kind of lan...
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In the essay below, Shevelow explores how the rise of the periodical aimed at women in early eighteenth-century Great Britain helped define them, by promoting an idealized, middle-class woman. Shevelo...
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In the following essay, the authors discuss the nature of women-oriented periodicals in the eighteenth century.
In 1745, a correspondent to The Female Spectator wrote seeking advice from its editorial...
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In the following excerpt, Armstrong and Tennenhouse outline the link between the cultural definition of desire and the impact of social conduct books in Europe, especially on the changing definition o...
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In the essay below, Jones explores how sixteenth-century social conduct books defined socially acceptable behavior, primarily for women and their fathers and husbands. She also shows how the focus of ...
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In the following excerpt, Jones explores the moral aspects of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century social conduct manuals, many of which focus on women and marriage.
The concern of all eighteenth-centu...
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In the excerpt below, Poovey describes how female identity was constructed in eighteenth-century England. She also shows how conduct books reinforced this identity and the definition of women's...
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In this introduction, Wordsworth compares Mary Wollstonecraft's Thoughts on the education of daughters, a social conduct manual, with John Locke's Some thoughts concerning education (169...
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In The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Indian and Chinese ancient histories are shown to share several distinct similarities. "As in China... civilization in India appears to have begun in a ...
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My Philosophy of Teaching Literature
Studying literature is important it has the potential to open a window to wisdom, and give insight into the basic aspects of the human condition. Initially...
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Style in Literature
To English teachers style is one of the most important elements of a novel, but the word style is very vague and has no definite meaning. Sometimes I wonder if they just made up t...
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Deadly viruses surround the human population all over the globe waiting for the right condition to destroy the human race. The average human being may only know about three or four of these major vir...
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They feasted upon it. They thirsted for it. Society looked down on them for it, but these women remained honey mad, remained desperate for salvation in flavor, and craved salvation in indulgence. C...
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1. Why is it significant that the Pueblo tradition of story telling makes no distinction between types of stories, such as historical, sacred, or just plain gossip"
2. Discuss the distinctive qualiti...
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I imagine being taken away from daily life and being thrown into a fantasy world. I picture myself being thrown into a story with a fictional character that has a similar background. I fantasize abou...
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When in the course of reading a book, it is inevitable that one may come across an outstanding connection between the book and themselves. In one of Charles Dickens's icon novels, Great Expectations, ...
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Franz Kafka once said, "If the literature we are reading does not wake us, why then do we read it? A literary work must be an ice-axe to break the sea frozen inside us." Kafka emphasizes how literat...
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A lot of people embark on a journey to gain the reward at the destination of their journey whether its money, fame or something that is very desirable to obtain. However, the reward for a lot of peopl...
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Webster defines a quest as "the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a search." Victorians seemed to like the idea of a quest and often based their works on a quest. Lord Tennyson, R...
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Over the last four weeks we have been studying the Area of Study, `Journeys'. During that time we have looked at many different sources which contain the theme of journey. Although many of the sources...
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A journey can be defined as a course of travel from one place to another. However, during a journey, some sort of transformation is always obtained. This alteration can be spiritual, corporal and even...
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Literature is creative writing of recognized artistic value. Literature represents the very best of human expression. We read and celebrate Literature for many reasons. A few of these reasons are,- to...
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A classic is usually described by people as a well known and original form of art (i.e.; novel or film) that moved or progressed society in it's time or perhaps another. Other times a classic is perc...
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The role of the writer is to expand the thoughts of individuals, to have them look at something familiar and walk a way with a different opinion, to write a dream or to believe in something so much th...
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The postwar era (1945-1960) was one of the most thriving years of the world especially in America and Britain. Wartime savings were fueled, constructive business conditions at all levels advanced beca...
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The definition of literature has been discussed and argued over time and there is no precise answer to be given. Any reader or author can define literature as whatever they wish it to be defined as....
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"Literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the finding into a unity" argues a British writer and critic, Rebecca West. Using this definition of the expression "literature" it c...
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Literature
Literature
Computers and Literature
Science, Technology, and Literature
War and Peace in American Literature
