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 Researchers collecting Kemp's Ridley eggs
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| Lepidochelys kempii (Garman, 1880) |
Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) is a critically endangered species of sea turtle.
Contents |
Anatomy
They are the smallest sea turtle species, growing less than a meter long and averaging only 45 kilograms (100 lb) as an adult. On its head it has a "beak" of sorts used to grab and break up crabs on which it prefers to feed.
Distribution
Their range includes the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Almost all females return each year to a single beach — Rancho Nuevo in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas — to lay their eggs.
Ecology and life history
Habitat
Trophic ecology
Life history
Kemp's Ridley sea turtle changes color with its development. As hatchlings they are almost entirely a dark grey-black but when they become adults (the age of adulthood is debated, some say they reach maturity at the age of 7-15 but others claim that sexual maturity doesn't occur until the age of 35) they have a yellow-green or white plastron and a grey-green carapace. The estimated number of nesting females in the year of 1947 was 42,000 but it dove to an estimated 1,000 by the mid 1980s. The nesting season for these turtles is between April to June, though some nest as late as July or August. They nest mostly in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas, but they sometimes on Padre Island in the U.S. state of Texas. The adult sea turtles mate offshore and when a powerful wind blows from the north the females land in groups on the beach (they prefer areas with dunes followed by swamps). They are the only species of sea turtle known to lay their eggs during the day. Females nest three times during a season with roughly 10 to 28 days between nestings. Incubation can take anywhere from 45 to 70 days. There are, on average, around 110 eggs per nesting. The sex of hatchlings is decided by the temperature in the area during incubation. If the temperature is below 29.5 degrees Celsius the offspring will be mainly male.
Evolutionary history
The Kemp's Ridley sea turtle is a sub species of the green sea turtle
Etymology and taxonomic history
These turtles are called Kemp's Ridley because Richard Kemp (of Key West) was the first to send in a specimen of the species to Samuel Garman at Harvard. Kemp's Ridley sea turtles are nicknamed the "Heartbreak Turtle" because when they died on deck of boats they would lie on their backs so fishermen would say that it died of a broken heart.
Conservation
In the past their numbers were severely depleted through hunting, but today major threats include loss of habitat, pollution, and entanglement in fishing (shrimping) nets. It was listed as endangered for the first time in the United States on December 2, 1970 and has received protection in Mexico since the 1960s. One of the suggested mechanisms to assist the population in its regrowth is the Turtle Excluder Device (TED). Due to the fact that the biggest hit to the population of Kemp’s Ridley sea turtles is shrimp trawls, this device is attached to the shrimp trawl. It is a grid of bars with an opening at the top or bottom. It is fitted into the neck of the shrimp trawl in a manner as to allow small animals to slip through the bars and be caught in the bag while larger animals such as sea turtles may strike the bars and be ejected through the opening thus avoiding possible drowning. On September, 2007, Corpus Christi, Texas wildlife officials found a record of 128 Kemp's ridley sea turtle nests on Texas beaches, including 81 on North Padre Island (Padre Island National Seashore) and 4 on Mustang Island. Wildlife officials released 10,594 Kemp's ridleys hatchlings along the Texas coast this year. The turtles are popular in Mexico as boot material and food.[1]
See also
- Chelonioidea. The sea turtle superfamily.
- Caretta caretta. The loggerhead turtle.
- Chelonia mydas. The green turtle.
- Dermochelys coriacea. The leatherback turtle.
- Eretmochelys imbricata. The hawksbill turtle.
- Lepidochelys olivacea. The olive ridley turtle.
- Natator depressus. The flatback turtle.
References
Bibliography
- Marine Turtle Specialist Group (1996). Lepidochelys kempii. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 9 May 2006. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is critically endangered and the criteria used
- Sizemore, Evelyn (2002). The Turtle Lady: Ila Fox Loetscher of South Padre. Plano, Texas: Republic of Texas Press, 220. ISBN 1556228961.
External links
- http://www.ridleyturtles.org
- http://seamap.env.duke.edu/species/tsn/551770
- http://www.turtles.org/ridleyd.htm
- http://www.cresli.org/cresli/turtles/kemprid.html
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lepiochelys kempi
- Florida Sea Turtle information Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
- http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_bk_w7000_0013_kemps_ridley_sea_turtle.pdf
