AFGHĀNĪ, JAMĀL AL-DĪN AL- (1838/9–1897), Muslim thinker and politician. Born near Hamadhan in Iran, al-Afghānī was Iranian, in spite of his later claim to be Afghan. His own version of his early life was...

(1838/39–1896/97), Islamic theorist and activist. Jamal ad-din al-Afghani (the "al" is often dropped) was a controversial and significant influence in the Islamic world during the last half of the nineteenth century. His influence...

Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, also known as Sayyid Jamāluddīn Asadābādī and Sayyid Muhammad Ibn Safdar al-Husayn (1838[1]-1897), was one of the founders of Islamic modernism,[2] and a political activist and Islamic nationalist in Afghanistan,...

Qutb al-Din Shirazi was a thirteenth-century Persian physician, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and Sufi, much of whose career was spent in the service of the Mongol II-Khans. This study is focused on two philosophical works by Qutb al-Din, a commentary on Suhrawardi's Philosophy of...

Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896. By Abbas Amanat. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997. Pp. xix, 536. $45.00.) The author of this book is an established authority on the modern history...