On 17 August 1945, three days after the Japanese forces occupying Indonesia had surrendered to the Allies, Sukarno and Muhammad Hatta proclaimed independence and established the Republic of Indonesia. However, it took five years of guerrilla warfare...

The Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Netherlands, and an internal revolution. It took place between the time of Indonesia's declaration of...

The growth of poverty in Indonesia has prompted many of its people into engaging in activities that allow greater exploitation of the environment. Although Indonesia witnessed a reduction of its poverty rates and a significant growth of its economy in the early 1990s, 50%...

Bibliography Indonesian Revolution. By H.A.J. KLOOSTER. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1997. Pp. x, 589. This bibliography is a major addition to scholarship on modem Indonesia. It contains over 7000 entries for publications issued between 1942 and 1994 dealing wholly or substantially with the...