Mathematics, Very Old
From the dawn of civilization, humankind has needed to count and measure. Even the earliest civilizations developed effective and efficient number systems. Ancient mathematics is...
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Mesopotamian Mathematics
Overview
Mathematics and writing first appeared around 3000 B.C. in Mesopotamia. Originally used as a means of accounting, the abstract concept of numbers, independent of the ...
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The Return of Mathematics to Europe
Overview
Early medieval mathematics was based on only a few classical texts, since the majority of ancient mathematical knowledge had been lost after the fall of Ro...
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Mathematics and the Eighteenth-Century Physical World
Overview
During the eighteenth century mathematicians and physicists embraced mathematics in general, and the calculus in particular, as an increa...
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Mathematical Textbooks and Teaching During the 1700s
Overview
The eighteenth century was a time of great progress in the field of mathematics. Included in this progress were advances in ways of teachi...
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Nineteenth-Century Efforts to Promote Mathematics Education from Grade School to the University Level
Overview
Economic and political factors combined to foster an increased emphasis on mathematics ed...
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Investigations Into the Irrationality and Transcendence of Various Specific Numbers
Overview
Number theory has often been thought of as one of the bastions of "pure" mathematics, unsulli...
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History of Mathematics
The earliest development of mathematics is closely tied to the development of counting and numbers. For thousands of years before there was a system for writing numbers, ancient...
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Mathematics, Very Old
Mesopotamian Mathematics
History of Mathematics