Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher, scientist, engineer, and political economist. In his day his works were important in popularizing the concept of evolution and played an important part in the development of economics, political...

Herbert Spencer was an English philosopher, scientist, engineer, and political economist. In his day his works were important in popularizing the concept of evolution and played an important part in the development of economics, political science,...

In the 1860s and 1870s Herbert Spencer was the foremost living English philosopher. But he was so speculative that by 1880 in England his works rivaled those of Charles Darwin or John Stuart Mill only among libertarians and readers astonished by his...

British philosopher and sociologist, Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) was born in Derby, England, on April 27, and became well known for developing and applying evolutionary theory to sociology, philosophy, and psychology. Following an informal...

SPENCER, HERBERT (1820–1903), was an English philosopher who became the most influential exponent of social evolutionism. Born in Derby, England, and educated largely in an atmosphere of religious dissent (and especially influenced by Quakers...

1820-1903 English philosopher, psychologist, and sociologist who synthesized the social and natural sciences into the framework of nineteenth-century evolutionary thought. By asserting the relationship between progress and science, Spencer posited the...

For other persons named Herbert Spencer, see Herbert Spencer (disambiguation). Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher; prominent classical liberal political theorist; and sociological theorist. Spencer developed...

MODERNISM IN typography owes much to Jan Tschichold, whose doctrine of asymmetric layout and sanserif type aimed to do for printed matter what the Bauhaus had done for design generally. Tschichold's work was first introduced to Britain in the Penrose Annual, printed and published...

In 1978, Liberty Fund published nineteenth-century intellectual giant Herbert Spencer's Principles of Ethics in two volumes, with an introduction by Tibor R. Machan. Spencer's magnificent tome is full of wisdom and will be read with profit for generations. Machan's brief introduction is more questionable....

Richard Hofstadter spent most his adult life in the “Upper West Side Kibbutz,” an area of Morningside Heights bounded by Claremont Avenue, Riverside Drive and Columbia’s Hamilton Hall. Of the eminences who inhabited this neighborhood in the 1950’s—Daniel Bell, Peter Gay, Irving Kristol, Lionel Trilling—Hofstadter...

Richard Hofstadter spent most his adult life in the “Upper West Side Kibbutz,” an area of Morningside Heights bounded by Claremont Avenue, Riverside Drive and Columbia’s Hamilton Hall. Of the eminences who inhabited this neighborhood in the 1950’s—Daniel Bell, Peter Gay, Irving Kristol, Lionel Trilling—Hofstadter...

This essay outlines and explains Herbert Spencer's idea of how societies evolve, interact with other societies, control their members, and function. It also explains the important distinction between militant and industrial societies: the two broad categories that Spencer creates. The essay then jumps to Karl Marx and his understanding of societies. This part of the essay focuses on Marx's four types of alienation, giving examples for each.