The Protestant traditions of ecclesiology are marked by a critical principle: The gospel is more important than the institution, spirit is superior to structure. Catholic ecclesiology, on the other hand, stresses that structure is necessary for the...

France 1848 In June 1848 civil war broke out in Paris. Although the fighting only lasted for four days, it was one of the bloodiest conflicts in France in the nineteenth century, with thousands killed and injured. The fighting occurred between the...

The eighteenth century belonged to the period known as the Enlightenment. Thinkers of the time, such as Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) in England and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) in France, were influenced by the experimental science of Sir Isaac...

The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the...

Troops from all 27 European Union nations marched in France's Bastille Day parade for the first time Saturday, part of a revamped celebration enacted by new President Nicolas Sarkozy."It's a party. It's Europe's party," Sarkozy said of the holiday, his first as president. "It was...

Visitors to Versailles now have access to attractions related to Marie-Antoinette that are newly restored or have not previously been open to the public. Versailles is selling separate tickets to the Marie-Antoinette estate for $11.30 in addition to the general...

The famed Hope Diamond glows a mysterious red when exposed to ultraviolet light, a finding that scientists say can help them "fingerprint" blue diamonds and tell the real ones from the artificial.The phosphorescence comes from boron in the gem, the same element that makes it...

The famed Hope Diamond glows a mysterious red when exposed to ultraviolet light, a finding that scientists say can help them "fingerprint" blue diamonds and tell the real ones from the artificial.The phosphorescence comes from boron in the gem, the same element that makes it...

“[The French Revolutionaries] wanted freedom of thought, expression, religion, association, and of enterprise of all kinds. . . . They recognized their own program in the great Declaration of Rights of 1789. New rights, for more people, have been...

Essay discusses the tyrannical policy and the terror created by the radical French revolution.

Louis the XVI and the French Revolution. Did the weaknesses of King Louis XVI truly advance the French revolution or was he the victim in a tragic whirlwind of events that couldn't be stopped?

This is a discussion of the changing French social classes from the beginning of the French Revolution through the Terror. Though the groups unanimously desired the destruction of Feudalism, they agreed on little else.