1858-1940 British metallurgist who developed manganese steel. Manganese steel is extremely hard and resistant to wear, properties that make it an excellent material from which to make railroad tracks and machinery for breaking apart rock. Earlier forms...

Ferromanganese, a ferroalloy with high content of manganese, is made by heating a mixture of the oxides MnO2 and Fe2O3, with carbon in a furnace. They undergo a thermal decomposition reaction. It is used as a deoxidizer for steel. A North American...

The microstructures of commercial low and medium carbon ferromanganese have been studied by optical microscopy and electron microprobe techniques. Element analysis and mapping have been performed on impurities in the matrix and nonmetallic inclusions present. The results show that the most common nonmetallic inclusion...

The thermodynamics of carbon in manganese and ferromanganese melts were studied to predict the refining limit of carbon during the decarburization of molten ferromanganese. The equilibrium carbon content in a Mn-C melt was determined by the C-CO equilibrium in the presence of pure solid...