Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is composed of four types of nucleotide bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). The adenine (A) on one strand always pairs with the thymine (T) on the other strand, whereas cytosine (C) always pairs...

(cDNA) Deoxyribonycleic acid (DNA) which is made using a template of MESSENGER RNA (mRNA), to produce a complementary piece of DNA. This process is achieved using a viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase and provides a stable copy of the gene which...

In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA synthesized from a mature mRNA template in a reaction catalysed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. cDNA is often used to clone eukaryotic genes in...

ABSTRACT Force probe techniques such as atomic force microscopy can directly measure the force required to rupture single biological ligand receptor bonds. Such forces are related to the energy landscape of these weak, noncovalent biological interactions. We report unbinding force measurements between complementary strands...

Objectives: Our purpose was to determine whether complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis (MA) can establish distinct gene expression profiles for 2 phenotypically similar vocal fold lesions: Reinke's edema (RE) and polyps. Established transcript profiles can provide insight into the molecular and cellular processes involved...