A form of ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING, originally demonstrated by the Russian physiologist I.P. Pavlov (1849–1936) in studies of the salivary response of dogs. From his earlier work on the physiology of digestion, Pavlov knew that the secretion of...

Classical Conditioning The process of closely associating a neutral stimulus with one that evokes a reflexive response so that eventually the neutral stimulus alone will evoke the same response. Classical conditioning is an important concept in the...

Those learning processes where the presentation of two stimuli in TEMPORAL CONTIGUITY leads to the development of an ASSOCIATION between them, such that one stimulus, typically a neutral event, becomes imbued with some of the properties of the other,...

In a standard PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING experiment, the subject is presented with a neutral CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS) paired with some motivationally significant UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (US). During training the CS comes to elicit the conditioned response,...

Classical Conditioning (also Pavlovian or Respondent Conditioning) is a form of associative learning that was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov. The typical procedure for inducing classical conditioning involves presentations of a neutral stimulus along...

The present experiment examined the value of word diagrams on the concept learning of university students. All students learned the concept of classical conditioning by reading a lesson in which the concept was defined and illustrated through examples and nonexamples. A diagram group studied...

An experiment was conducted for detecting telepathy by classical conditioning. The unconditioned stimulus was a mild electric shock, the conditioned stimulus was a telepathic message, and the conditioned and unconditioned responses were the sudden rise of skin conductance. The first experiment consisted of 50...

Evaluates the learning perspective and its techniques in psychology today. Explores claims that conditioning and reinforcement techniques are sufficient by themselves to account for learning in humans.

The research gathered in this study examines the similarities and differences between classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning consists of four identifying elements, the unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UCR), conditioned stimulus (CS) and the conditioned response (CR). Conditioning is achieved by manipulating reflexes. Operant conditioning relies on the use of reinforcement and punishment and deals with the cognitive thought process. Similarities between classical and o