One problem facing scientists experimenting with electricity in the mid-1800s was taking accurate measurements of electromotive force (emf), current strength, and resistance. A galvanometer was fine for indicating current flow, but it was an unstable...

A bridge circuit is a type of electrical circuit in which the current in a conductor splits into two parallel paths and then recombines into a single conductor, thereby enclosing a loop. It was originally used for measurement purposes, but can also be...

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Techniques for designing alternating-current-driven bridge circuits for specific applications are discussed. A circuit which uses AC to excite its transducer or detector is necessary in applications that use level transducers, which contain small tubes of partially conductive liquid which would be damaged by direct...