When light shines on matter, it may be transmitted (as with a glass of water), refracted and scattered (as with dust particles in the air at sunset), reflected (as with the chrome trim of an automobile), or absorbed (as with exposed skin at the beach)....

In optics, the Beer-Lambert law, also known as Beer's law or the Lambert-Beer law or the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law (in fact, most of the permutations of these three names appear somewhere in literature) is an empirical relationship that relates the...