BATAK RELIGION. The Batak societies, located around Lake Toba in North Sumatra, are among the more than three hundred ethnic minorities of Indonesia. Batak religion, like Batak culture as a whole, is ethnically diverse, syncretic, changing, and bound...

Not to be confused with Batak of the Philippines. Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of ethnic groups found in the highlands of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Their heartland lies to the west of Medan centred on Lake Toba. In fact the...

When the earth had only just been molded from the heavenly clay by his daughter Si Borudea, the great God Mulojadi created nine suns. They would provide light for his grandchildren and dry the soaked earth. After a few years the earth was...

This article investigates the role of prophet in the Batak millenarian movement of Parmalim against the colonial order. The Parmalim movement was organized in 1890 by Guru Somalaing who claimed to be able to gain access to the source of European power while retaining...