Abbreviations and Symbols Used in This Work

Abbreviations and Symbols Used in This Work

abbr.

abbreviated; abbreviation

abr.

abridged; abridgment

AD

anno Domini, in the year of the (our) Lord

Afrik.

Afrikaans

AH

anno Hegirae, in the year of the Hijrah

Akk.

Akkadian

Ala.

Alabama

Alb.

Albanian

Am.

Amos

AM

ante meridiem, before noon

amend.

amended; amendment

annot.

annotated; annotation

Ap.

Apocalypse

Apn.

Apocryphon

app.

appendix

Arab.

Arabic

ʿArakh.

ʿArakhin

Aram.

Aramaic

Ariz.

Arizona

Ark.

Arkansas

Arm.

Armenian

art.

article (pl., arts.)

AS

Anglo-Saxon

Asm. Mos.

Assumption of Moses

Assyr.

Assyrian

A.S.S.R.

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Av.

Avestan

ʿA.Z.

ʿAvodah zarah

b.

born

Bab.

Babylonian

Ban.

Bantu

1 Bar.

1 Baruch

2 Bar.

2 Baruch

3 Bar.

3 Baruch

4 Bar.

4 Baruch

B.B.

Bavaʾ batraʾ

BBC

British Broadcasting Corporation

BC

before Christ

BCE

before the common era

B.D.

Bachelor of Divinity

Beits.

Beitsah

Bekh.

Bekhorot

Beng.

Bengali

Ber.

Berakhot

Berb.

Berber

Bik.

Bikkurim

bk.

book (pl., bks.)

B.M.

Bavaʾ metsiʿaʾ

BP

before the present

B.Q.

Bavaʾ qammaʾ

Brāh.

Brāhmaṇa

Bret.

Breton

B.T.

Babylonian Talmud

Bulg.

Bulgarian

Burm.

Burmese

c.

circa, about, approximately

Calif.

California

Can.

Canaanite

Catal.

Catalan

CE

of the common era

Celt.

Celtic

cf.

confer, compare

Chald.

Chaldean

chap.

chapter (pl., chaps.)

Chin.

Chinese

C.H.M.

Community of the Holy Myrrhbearers

1 Chr.

1 Chronicles

2 Chr.

2 Chronicles

Ch. Slav.

Church Slavic

cm

centimeters

col.

column (pl., cols.)

Col.

Colossians

Colo.

Colorado

comp.

compiler (pl., comps.)

Conn.

Connecticut

cont.

continued

Copt.

Coptic

1 Cor.

1 Corinthians

2 Cor.

2 Corinthians

corr.

corrected

C.S.P.

Congregatio Sancti Pauli, Congregation of Saint Paul (Paulists)

d.

died

D

Deuteronomic (source of the Pentateuch)

Dan.

Danish

D.B.

Divinitatis Baccalaureus, Bachelor of Divinity

D.C.

District of Columbia

D.D.

Divinitatis Doctor, Doctor of Divinity

Del.

Delaware

Dem.

Demaʾi

dim.

diminutive

diss.

dissertation

Dn.

Daniel

D.Phil.

Doctor of Philosophy

Dt.

Deuteronomy

Du.

Dutch

E

Elohist (source of the Pentateuch)

Eccl.

Ecclesiastes

ed.

editor (pl., eds.); edition; edited by

ʿEduy.

ʿEduyyot

e.g.

exempli gratia, for example

Egyp.

Egyptian

1 En.

1 Enoch

2 En.

2 Enoch

3 En.

3 Enoch

Eng.

English

enl.

enlarged

Eph.

Ephesians

ʿEruv.

ʿEruvin

1 Esd.

1 Esdras

2 Esd.

2 Esdras

3 Esd.

3 Esdras

4 Esd.

4 Esdras

esp.

especially

Est.

Estonian

Est.

Esther

et al.

et alii, and others

etc.

et cetera, and so forth

Eth.

Ethiopic

EV

English version

Ex.

Exodus

exp.

expanded

Ez.

Ezekiel

Ezr.

Ezra

2 Ezr.

2 Ezra

4 Ezr.

4 Ezra

f.

feminine; and following (pl., ff.)

fasc.

fascicle (pl., fascs.)

fig.

figure (pl., figs.)

Finn.

Finnish

fl.

floruit, flourished

Fla.

Florida

Fr.

French

frag.

fragment

ft.

feet

Ga.

Georgia

Gal.

Galatians

Gaul.

Gaulish

Ger.

German

Giṭ.

Giṭṭin

Gn.

Genesis

Gr.

Greek

Ḥag.

Ḥagigah

Ḥal.

Ḥallah

Hau.

Hausa

Hb.

Habakkuk

Heb.

Hebrew

Heb.

Hebrews

Hg.

Haggai

Hitt.

Hittite

Hor.

Horayot

Hos.

Hosea

Ḥul.

Ḥullin

Hung.

Hungarian

ibid.

ibidem, in the same place (as the one immediately preceding)

Icel.

Icelandic

i.e.

id est, that is

IE

Indo-European

Ill.

Illinois

Ind.

Indiana

intro.

introduction

Ir. Gael.

Irish Gaelic

Iran.

Iranian

Is.

Isaiah

Ital.

Italian

J

Yahvist (source of the Pentateuch)

Jas.

James

Jav.

Javanese

Jb.

Job

Jdt.

Judith

Jer.

Jeremiah

Jgs.

Judges

Jl.

Joel

Jn.

John

1 Jn.

1 John

2 Jn.

2 John

3 Jn.

3 John

Jon.

Jonah

Jos.

Joshua

Jpn.

Japanese

JPS

Jewish Publication Society translation (1985) of the Hebrew Bible

J.T.

Jerusalem Talmud

Jub.

Jubilees

Kans.

Kansas

Kel.

Kelim

Ker.

Keritot

Ket.

Ketubbot

1 Kgs.

1 Kings

2 Kgs.

2 Kings

Khois.

Khoisan

Kil.

Kilʾayim

km

kilometers

Kor.

Korean

Ky.

Kentucky

l.

line (pl., ll.)

La.

Louisiana

Lam.

Lamentations

Lat.

Latin

Latv.

Latvian

L. en Th.

Licencié en Théologie, Licentiate in Theology

L. ès L.

Licencié ès Lettres, Licentiate in Literature

Let. Jer.

Letter of Jeremiah

lit.

literally

Lith.

Lithuanian

Lk.

Luke

LL

Late Latin

LL.D.

Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws

Lv.

Leviticus

m

meters

m.

masculine

M.A.

Master of Arts

Ma ʿas.

Maʿaserot

Ma ʿas. Sh.

Maʿ aser sheni

Mak.

Makkot

Makh.

Makhshirin

Mal.

Malachi

Mar.

Marathi

Mass.

Massachusetts

1 Mc.

1 Maccabees

2 Mc.

2 Maccabees

3 Mc.

3 Maccabees

4 Mc.

4 Maccabees

Md.

Maryland

M.D.

Medicinae Doctor, Doctor of Medicine

ME

Middle English

Meg.

Megillah

Me ʿil.

Meʿilah

Men.

Menaḥot

MHG

Middle High German

mi.

miles

Mi.

Micah

Mich.

Michigan

Mid.

Middot

Minn.

Minnesota

Miq.

Miqvaʾ ot

MIran.

Middle Iranian

Miss.

Mississippi

Mk.

Mark

Mo.

Missouri

Moʿed Q.

Moʿed qaṭan

Mont.

Montana

MPers.

Middle Persian

MS.

manuscriptum, manuscript (pl., MSS)

Mt.

Matthew

MT

Masoretic text

n.

note

Na.

Nahum

Nah.

Nahuatl

Naz.

Nazir

N.B.

nota bene, take careful note

N.C.

North Carolina

n.d.

no date

N.Dak.

North Dakota

NEB

New English Bible

Nebr.

Nebraska

Ned.

Nedarim

Neg.

Negaʿim

Neh.

Nehemiah

Nev.

Nevada

N.H.

New Hampshire

Nid.

Niddah

N.J.

New Jersey

Nm.

Numbers

N.Mex.

New Mexico

no.

number (pl., nos.)

Nor.

Norwegian

n.p.

no place

n.s.

new series

N.Y.

New York

Ob.

Obadiah

O.Cist.

Ordo Cisterciencium, Order of Cîteaux (Cistercians)

OCS

Old Church Slavonic

OE

Old English

O.F.M.

Ordo Fratrum Minorum, Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)

OFr.

Old French

Ohal.

Ohalot

OHG

Old High German

OIr.

Old Irish

OIran.

Old Iranian

Okla.

Oklahoma

ON

Old Norse

O.P.

Ordo Praedicatorum, Order of Preachers (Dominicans)

OPers.

Old Persian

op. cit.

opere citato, in the work cited

OPrus.

Old Prussian

Oreg.

Oregon

ʿOrl.

ʿOrlah

O.S.B.

Ordo Sancti Benedicti, Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines)

p.

page (pl., pp.)

P

Priestly (source of the Pentateuch)

Pa.

Pennsylvania

Pahl.

Pahlavi

Par.

Parah

para.

paragraph (pl., paras.)

Pers.

Persian

Pes.

Pesahim

Ph.D.

Philosophiae Doctor, Doctor of Philosophy

Phil.

Philippians

Phlm.

Philemon

Phoen.

Phoenician

pl.

plural; plate (pl., pls.)

PM

post meridiem, after noon

Pol.

Polish

pop.

population

Port.

Portuguese

Prv.

Proverbs

Ps.

Psalms

Ps. 151

Psalm 151

Ps. Sol.

Psalms of Solomon

pt.

part (pl., pts.)

1Pt.

1 Peter

2 Pt.

2 Peter

Pth.

Parthian

Q

hypothetical source of the synoptic Gospels

Qid.

Qiddushin

Qin.

Qinnim

r.

reigned; ruled

Rab.

Rabbah

rev.

revised

R. ha-Sh.

Roʾsh ha-shanah

R.I.

Rhode Island

Rom.

Romanian

Rom.

Romans

R.S.C.J.

Societas Sacratissimi Cordis Jesu, Religious of the Sacred Heart

RSV

Revised Standard Version of the Bible

Ru.

Ruth

Rus.

Russian

Rv.

Revelation

Rv. Ezr.

Revelation of Ezra

San.

Sanhedrin

S.C.

South Carolina

Scot. Gael.

Scottish Gaelic

S.Dak.

South Dakota

sec.

section (pl., secs.)

Sem.

Semitic

ser.

series

sg.

singular

Sg.

Song of Songs

Sg. of 3

Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Young Men

Shab.

Shabbat

Shav.

Shavuʿot

Sheq.

Sheqalim

Sib. Or.

Sibylline Oracles

Sind.

Sindhi

Sinh.

Sinhala

Sir.

Ben Sira

S.J.

Societas Jesu, Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

Skt.

Sanskrit

1 Sm.

1 Samuel

2 Sm.

2 Samuel

Sogd.

Sogdian

Soṭ.

Soṭah

sp.

species (pl., spp.)

Span.

Spanish

sq.

square

S.S.R.

Soviet Socialist Republic

st.

stanza (pl., ss.)

S.T.M.

Sacrae Theologiae Magister, Master of Sacred Theology

Suk.

Sukkah

Sum.

Sumerian

supp.

supplement; supplementary

Sus.

Susanna

s.v.

sub verbo, under the word (pl., s.v.v.)

Swed.

Swedish

Syr.

Syriac

Syr. Men.

Syriac Menander

Taʿ an.

Taʿanit

Tam.

Tamil

Tam.

Tamid

Tb.

Tobit

T.D.

Taishō shinshūdaizōkyō, edited by Takakusu Junjirō et al. (Tokyo, 1922–1934)

Tem.

Temurah

Tenn.

Tennessee

Ter.

Terumot

Ṭev. Y.

Ṭevul yom

Tex.

Texas

Th.D.

Theologicae Doctor, Doctor of Theology

1 Thes.

1 Thessalonians

2 Thes.

2 Thessalonians

Thrac.

Thracian

Ti.

Titus

Tib.

Tibetan

1 Tm.

1 Timothy

2 Tm.

2 Timothy

T. of 12

Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

Ṭoh.

ṭohorot

Tong.

Tongan

trans.

translator, translators; translated by; translation

Turk.

Turkish

Ukr.

Ukrainian

Upan.

Upaniṣad

U.S.

United States

U.S.S.R.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Uqts.

Uqtsin

v.

verse (pl., vv.)

Va.

Virginia

var.

variant; variation

Viet.

Vietnamese

viz.

videlicet, namely

vol.

volume (pl., vols.)

Vt.

Vermont

Wash.

Washington

Wel.

Welsh

Wis.

Wisconsin

Wis.

Wisdom of Solomon

W.Va.

West Virginia

Wyo.

Wyoming

Yad.

Yadayim

Yev.

Yevamot

Yi.

Yiddish

Yor.

Yoruba

Zav.

Zavim

Zec.

Zechariah

Zep.

Zephaniah

Zev.

Zevaḥim

*

hypothetical

?

uncertain; possibly; perhaps

°

degrees

+

plus

−

minus

=

equals; is equivalent to

×

by; multiplied by

→

yields

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